01:447:201-202Independent Study in Genetics (1-3,1-3) Independent study under the direction of a member of the departmental faculty. Written report is required. Prerequisites: Permission of department; cumulative grade-point average of 2.8 or better. May not be used to fulfill a laboratory requirement.

01:447:245Introduction to Cancer (3) Introduction to the biological and medical aspects of malignancy. Prerequisites: 01:119:101-102. Credit not given for both this course and 01:447:495.

01:447:302Computers in Biology (3) Application of the computer in analysis of biological data. Includes programming techniques and simulations of biochemical, physiological, genetic, ecological, medical, and evolutionary phenomena. Prerequisites: 01:119:101-102; 01:160:161-162; and 01: 640:135, 138.

01:447:307-308Research in Genetics (1-3,1-3) Laboratory research on original problem under the direction of a professor. Prerequisites: 01:447:380 or 384, permission of department, and cumulative grade-point average of 2.8 or better.

01:447:315Introduction to Research in Genetics (3) Basic principles and methods of research with microbial model systems used in the analysis and manipulation of genes, followed by a research project in molecular genetics. Prerequisites: 01:160:307-308 or 315-316. Pre- or corequisite: 01:447:380 or 384. Open only to genetics majors.

01:447:380Genetics (4) Introduction to the mechanisms of heredity and evolution. Mechanisms of Mendelian inheritance, meiosis, recombination, gene mutation, and mapping. An introduction to modern biochemical, molecular, and population genetics. Lec. 3 hrs., rec. 1 hr. Prerequisites: 01:119:101-102 and 01:160:161-162, 171. Credit not given for both this course and 01:447: 384-385, or 11:067:328 or 11:776:305.

01:447:382Genetics Laboratory (1) Laboratory to accompany 01:447:380. Lab. 3 hrs. Pre- or corequisite: 01:447:380 or 384.

01:447:384-385Genetic Analysis I,II (4,4) Experimental methods and concepts in genetics, with emphasis on their application to genetic research. Part I covers transmission genetics and breeding analyses, basic molecular genetics, isolation and characterization of mutations, and chromosome structure and function. Part II covers mathematical genetics, recombinant DNA, genomics, and special topics relevant to modern genetic research. Prerequisites for 447:384: 01:119:101-102, 01:160: 161-162, and 171. Prerequisites for 447:385: 01:447:384. Open only to majors in genetics or by permission of instructor. Credit not given for both this course and 01:447:380 or 11:067:328 or 11:776:305.

01:447:390General Microbiology (4) Basic principles of microbiology. An introduction to the physi- ology, morphology, pathogenicity, and genetics of groups of microorganisms and their applications. Lec. 3 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisites: 01:119: 101-102; 01:160:161-162, 171, and 307. Credit not given for both this course and 11:680:390.

01:447:392Pathogenic Microbiology (3) Host/parasite interactions in diseases caused by microorganisms, including pathogenicity, virulence, and immunity. Principles of infection, transmission, and disease control also discussed. Prerequisite 01:119:131 or 133 or 01:447:390.

01:447:398Electron Microscopy (4) Theory, practice, and application of transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy; emphasis on material relevant to genetics. Pre- or corequisites: 01:119:102, 01:750:203-204; permission of instructor (limited enrollment).

01:447:403,404Seminar in Genetics (1,1) Student presentations based on special topics selected by the course instructor. Open only to senior majors.

01:447:406-407Research in Genetics (3-6,3-6) Research project in the laboratory of a faculty member. Student research plans and results presented in 01:447:403,404. Prerequisites: 01:447:315, permission of department, and cumulative grade- point average of 2.8 or better. Open only to seniors majoring in genetics.

01:447:408-409Honors in Genetics (6,6) Laboratory research on original problem under the direction of a professor. Written thesis, oral presentation, and defense required. Prerequisites: 01:447:315, permission of department. Open only to seniors majoring in genetics who meet the requirements for the departmental honors program.

01:447:420Evolutionary Genetics: Humans and Other Primates (3) Molecular evolution of human and primate genomes; genetic and phenotypic evolution; the genetic basis of being human; primate phylogeny. Prerequisites: 01:477:380 or 384 and 01:070:102, 212, or special permission of instructor. Credit not given for both this course and 01:070:420.

01:447:480Topics in Molecular Genetics (3) Current research topics in microbial and molecular genetics. Lectures, discussions, and critical analysis of journal articles. Prerequisite: 01:447:380.

01:447:481Topics in Human Genetics (3) Genetic aspects of human health and disease. Topics include birth defects, immunogenetics, cytogenetics, metabolic disorders, pattern of inheritance, and genetic counseling. Prerequisite: 01:447:380 or 384.

01:447:484Behavioral and Neural Genetics (3) Discussion of historical and recent research in the application of genetic techniques to the understanding of behavioral and neural differences. Prerequisite: 01:447:380 or 384. Statistics highly recommended.

01:447:486Evolutionary Genetics (3) Principles of evolution as revealed in DNA sequences. The effects of natural selection, genetic drift, and speciation on DNA, and the inference of histories from comparative DNA sequence data. Prerequisite: 01:447:380 or 384.

01:447:489,490Literature Research in Genetics (3,3) Literature or computer research projects on a selected subject under�the direction of a faculty member. Students write a thesis and present it in 01:447:403,404. Pre- or corequisites: 01:447:380 or 384�and 403.

01:447:495Cancer (3) Biological and medical aspects of malignancy. Oncogenic viruses, environmental chemical carcinogens, cell growth regulation, tumor immunology, genetics of cancer. Prerequisite: 01:447:380 or 384. Credit not give for both this course and 01:447:245.

01:447:498Bacterial Physiology (3) Bacterial biochemistry with emphasis on integration of metabolic pathways at the level of gene expression and enzymatic activity. Prerequisites: 01:160:307-308; 01:447:390; or permission of instructor.