21:216:109
Basic Plant Science (3)
Introduction to basic botany and the applied plant sciences; plant
biology with applications to ecology and conservation, food and drug
problems, horticulture, and agriculture; demonstrations in greenhouses
and campus plantings.
Not open to majors or to those who have taken or plan to take 21:120:101-102.
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21:216:110
Basic Plant Science Laboratory (1)
Studies on organs, tissues, and cells of the plant body. Exploration of
the diversity of mosses to flower plants. Exercises in photosynthesis,
respiration, and plant hormones.
Pre- or corequisite: 21:216:109. Not open to majors or to those who have taken or plan to take 21:120:101, 102.
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21:216:205
Foundations of Biology: Ecology and Evolution Lecture (3)
This introductory course considers the population level of biological
organizations. Topics include Mendelian and population genetics,
evolution, and ecology of populations and communities.
Prerequisite: 21:120:200 with a grade of C or better. Corequisite: 21:216:206.
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21:216:206
Foundations of Biology: Ecology and Evolution Lab (1)
The laboratory reinforces the topics covered in Foundations of Ecology
and Evolution Lecture (21:216:205) with hands-on activities and exposes
students to current methods of research and analysis in these areas.
Prerequisite: 21:120:200 with a grade of C or better. Corequisite: 21:216:205.
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21:216:211
Plant Kingdom (4)
A survey of the major groups in the plant kingdom; the morphology,
reproduction, and evolution of plants with emphasis on their role in
nature and importance to man.
Lec. 3 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisites: 21:120:201 and 21:120:202 and 21:120/216:205 and 21:120/216:206, with a grade of C or better.
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21:216:222
Evolution (3)
This course will provide a comprehensive introduction to the field of
evolutionary biology. Topics will include: the development of
evolutionary theory, the history of the evolution of life on earth, the
genetic basis of variation and heredity, natural selection, evolution
and development, and speciation.
Prerequisites: 21:120:201, 21:120:202, 21:120/216:205, and 21:120/216:206, with a grade of C or better.
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21:216:230
Biology of Seed Plants (4)
The morphology, physiology, and reproduction of flowering plants, plant
structures, functions, and products essential to human life; the
cultural and applied aspects of plant science.
Lec. 3 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisites: 21:120:201 and 21:120:202 and 21:120/216:205 and 21:120/216:206, with a grade of C or better.
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21:216:280
Ecology (3)
This is an introductory course in general ecology. The basic science of
ecology, the interactions of living beings among themselves and with
their environment. Topics are related to environmental aspects of
societal concern such as global warming, land use, biodiversity crisis,
among others.
Prerequisites: 21:120:201, 21:120:202, 21:120/216:205, and 21:120/216:206, with a grade of C or better.
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21:216:305
Vertebrates Evolution (3)
Overview of the diversity of vertebrates and their relationships,
including aspects of their anatomy, behavior, ecology, evolution,
natural history, phylogenetics, physiology, and taxonomy.
Prerequisites: 21:120:201, 21:120:202, 21:120/216:205, and 21:120/216:206, with a grade of C or better.
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21:216:328
Ecology of Birds (3)
Designed as introduction to aspects of the biology of birds, this class
combines field trips with lectures and a student seminar. Students will
be exposed to current themes in evolution and ecology of birds and will
also learn how to actively study birds in their habitats and thereby
understand and appreciate the high diversity of birds.
Lec. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: 21:120/216:222 or 21:120/216:280.
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21:216:330
Plant Physiology (4)
Growth and metabolism of plants; water relations, photosynthesis,
inorganic nutrition, metabolism of organic materials, and plant growth
regulators.
Lec. 3 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisites: 21:120:201, 21:120:202, 21:120/216:205, and 21:120/216:206, with a grade of C or better.
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21:216:333
Freshwater Ecology (4)
An exploration of the physical, chemical, and biological components of freshwater systems with an emphasis on the way the physical environment of streams and lakes affects freshwater organisms and their ecological relationships. In the field-based laboratory, students collect and analyze physical and biological data taken from local sites.
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21:216:365
Evolution of Humans (3)
From the Big-Bang to consciousness. Topics in astronomy, evolution, and
neurobiology linking the origin of the universe, the origin of life, and
the evolution of the nervous system.
Prerequisite: 21:120/216:222 or 28:120:222.
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21:216:370
Plant Ecology (3)
Study of plants in relation to their environment; emphasis on local
plant communities, modern methods of analysis, and applications to
forestry and conservation.
Prerequisites: 21:120/216:211 or 21:120/216:230.
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21:216:371
Field Studies in Plant Ecology (3)
Modern and classical methods are employed in the study of plant communities and plant geography across the region.
Prerequisite: 21:120/216:370.
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21:216:380
Field Ecology (3)
Prerequisite: 21:120/216:222 or 21:120/216:280.
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21:216:381
Ecological History of North America (3)
Almost all of North America today is shaped by human activity. Despite
this, the continent still has a wealth of natural resources and harbors a
large biodiversity. This class will explore why North America has a
special ecology. By exploring the biological history of the continent
from pre-human times to today (and even beyond), this class is
investigating how the biota (flora and fauna) of the continent developed
over the millennia and archived at its current status. The class willrange from topics as wide as paleontology, archaeology, historical
and bio-geography to urban ecology and conservation biology. The topic
will be approached using lectures, field trips, student facilitated
discussion and paper presentation, and computer experiments.
Prerequisite: 21:120/216:280 or 21:120/216:370, with a grade of C or better.
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21:216:416
Plant Evolution (3)
Study
of the major groups of vascular plants: lycopods, ferns, gymnosperms,
and angiosperms. Emphasis on their morphology, anatomy, and
reproductive biology, with discussion of evolutionary trends and
occurrence in the fossil record.
Prerequisite: 21:120/216:211 or 21:120/216:230 or 21:120/216:330, with a grade of C or better.
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21:216:422
Biological Invasions (3)
Biological invasions by nonnative species have become one of the major
environmental problems. Primarily addresses the ecological and
evolutionary aspects of this ever-growing problem. After describing
patterns of invasion and linking them into a scientific framework,
applied aspects will be addressed focusing on aspects of societal
concern and workable counterstrategies. The topic will be approached
using lectures, student-facilitated discussions and paper presentations,
illustrative labs, and computer experiments.
Prerequisite: 21:120/216:222, 28:120:222, 21:120/216:280 or 21:120/216:370, with a grade of C or better.
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21:216:430
Plant Growth and Development (4)
Study of the dynamics of growth and development of plants as influenced
by physiological and environmental factors. Focus will be on the
regulation of gene expression during plant development. Lecture topics
will address modern plant molecular biology approaches. Laboratory
focuses on plant tissue culture and applications to plant biotechnology.
Lec. 3 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisites: 21:120/216:211, 21:120/216:230, or 21:120/216:330 and 21:120:355 or 21:120:356, with a grade of C or better.
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21:216:431
Modern Plant Biology (3)
This topical course consists of two components: an exposition of a topic
by the instructors followed by student discussion. The subjects are
selected from current, ongoing research in the field of experimental
plant biology with a general subtext of the evolution of the
physiological processes specific to higher plants.
Prerequisites: 21:120/216:211, 21:120/216:230, or 21:120:330 and 21:120:355 or 21:120:356, with a grade of C or better.
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21:216:486
Tropical Field Biology (3)
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School of Arts and Sciences-Newark 
