21:830:101 Principles of Psychology (3) Scientific study of human behavior, including historical foundations, methodology, neural base of behavior, sensation and perception, and cognition. Note: 21:830:101 and 102 may be taken simultaneously or in either order.

21:830:102 Principles of Psychology (3) Scientific study of human behavior, including development, personality, social influences, abnormal behavior, and therapy. Note: 21:830:101 and 102 may be taken simultaneously or in either order.

21:830:301 Psychology Statistical Methods (4) Basic statistical methods in the psychological sciences, starting with basic probability, descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics. Methods are put in the context of basic experimental research in the cognitive and behavioral sciences. Includes such methods as z-tests, t-tests, ANOVA, regression, and correlation. Prerequisites: 21:830:101,102.

21:830:302 Psychology Research Methods (4) Basic methods and paradigms in the cognitive and behavioral sciences. Research from areas of psychology in psychophysics, learning, memory, and perception are used to illustrate basic paradigms used in the cognitive and behavioral sciences. Students conduct experiments, analyze data, and write reports in standard psychology formats. Prerequisite: 21:830:301.

21:830:303 Neuroscience Research Methods (4) This course introduces students to basic experimental design and methods in neuroscience. Students learn the research process: they identify a research question, formulate a hypothesis, learn about measurement, analyze data, and write a scientific report of the findings. Prerequisite: 21:830:101.

21:830:304 Cognitive Processes (3) Introduces the study of human cognition. Topics include perception, attention, memory, knowledge representation, language, problem solving, thinking, and reasoning. How is the world represented, and what are the processes underlying those representations? Considers the real-world implications of laboratory findings. Prerequisite: 21:830:101.

21:830:322 Cross-Cultural Psychology (3) Examines the role of one's culture in various aspects of identity and development. Students examine the role of culture in psychology, look at the way in which psychologists have traditionally examined culture, and explore practices in various cultures throughout the world. This course will emphasize many real-world applications of cross-cultural psychology and will explore topics such as interpersonal relationships, social behaviors, and ethnocentrism. Prerequisites: 21:830:101,102.

21:830:323 Developmental Psychology (3) This course explores the development of physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional capacities in children from birth to adolescence. Topics include language, intelligence, social behaviors and attitudes, moral development, emotional development, attachment formation, parenting, and atypical development. Major theoretical perspectives and current empirical work on development are critically evaluated. Prerequisite: 21:830:102.

21:830:324 Psychology of Adolescence (3) Explores all aspects of human development throughout the stage of adolescence. Covers adolescent behavior; physical, psychological, cognitive, and social development; family, peer, and environmental influences; and special issues that may be faced by adolescents. The course will include a brief overview of the developmental stages of childhood and emerging adulthood, as well as current research related to adolescent development. Prerequisite: 21:830:102.

21:830:327 Cognitive Development (3) Explores patterns of thought characteristic of infants and children, and investigates how those patterns change with age. Covers behavioral and neuroscientific explanations for patterns of stability and change in children's thinking. Considers both typical development and neurodevelopmental disorders. Prerequisites: 21:830:101,102.

21:830:330 Psychology of Learning (3) Explores the key principles and research involved in learning. Learning can be seen as an adaptive strategy to deal with variations in the environment. Learning processes are thus ubiquitous in the human and animal worlds, influencing a host of behavioral and cognitive skills. The course examines behaviorist, cognitive, and neuroscientific approaches to the problem of learning and seeks to integrate these perspectives into a coherent, unified theoretical framework. Prerequisite: 21:830:101.

21:830:332 Psychology of Religion (3) This course will examine the psychological aspects of religion. Students will explore psychological underpinnings for religious beliefs and behaviors, the developmental process of religious identity, and various outcomes of religious group membership. Students will examine scholarly research related to the psychological aspects of religious groups as well as the individual experience of spirituality. Various religions will be considered and students will analyze the intersectionality of religion and other group identities. Prerequisite: 21:830:102.

21:830:335 Social Psychology (3) Psychological study of the individual's social interaction; theories of interaction and the empirical research employed in the investigation of topics such as attitude formation and change; group structure and process; and motivation, learning, and perception in a social context. Prerequisites: 21:830:102.

21:830:338 Forensic Psychology (3) During interactive classes we will explore various aspects of forensic psychology. For example, criminal psychology, profiling, psychopathologies in offenders, screening and selection of potential law enforcement agents, investigative psychology, the role of psychologists in adult and juvenile proceedings and sentencing, child custody evaluations, and correctional psychology in institutions and in the community.
Prerequisite: 21:830:102.

21:830:341 Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination (3) What is the nature of stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination (SPD)? Who expresses SPD? What are the social cognitive processes underlying SPD? How early in development does one express SPD? What are the detrimental effects of SPD on health and education? Finally, can SPD and its detrimental effects be attenuated? These are a few of the fascinating questions that social psychologists ask in their quest to understand SPD. To address these questions, this course will examine SPD-related theories and evidence. Because social psychologists use the scientific method, students will also critically evaluate the merit of social psychological research on SPD. In other words, what differentiates psychological science from "pop psychology" when studying SPD? Finally, throughout the semester, we will link the social psychology of SPD with the real-life experiences of individuals. Prerequisites: 21:830:101,102.

21:830:342 Approaches to Psychotherapy (3) Focuses on the tools needed to be an effective counselor along with the various perspectives utilized to identify and understand individual behavior. Strategies and techniques of psychotherapy, models of human behavior, and perspectives of personality that can influence the psychotherapeutic process will also be examined. The theoretical orientations discussed will include psychoanalytic, trait and factor, humanistic, and behavioral approaches. These perspectives will be examined within the context of contemporary psychology, and the application for the multicultural and diverse populations of the 21st century. Prerequisite: 21:830:102.

21:830:346 Brain and Language (3) Research investigations of language behavior as an aspect of intellectual functioning; comparative study of human and animal communication; biological and neurological determinants of language; innate versus acquired mechanisms; information theory; encoding and decoding phonological skills; and language models and theories evaluated, including mathematical models, learning theorists (e.g., Skinner, Osgood), and the transformational linguistics of Chomsky. Prerequisites: 21:830:101.

21:830:353 Positive Psychology (3) The growing field of positive psychology is having a robust impact on the traditional practice of Western psychotherapy. The positive psychology movement began as an attempt to reduce the focus on deficiencies and dominance of the "clinical approach" of "negating the negative" while ignoring human strengths in psychological research and theory. In this class we will review the rapidly growing research on flourishing, a major tenet of positive psychology, which includes the factors contributing to: psychological well-being, life satisfaction, positive emotions, everyday happiness, virtues and strengths, optimism, resilience, wisdom and excellence, and vital engagement in everyday life. The primary emphasis will be on practical, applied, positive psychotherapeutic interventions. Prerequisites: 21:830:101,102.

21:830:358 Introduction to Clinical Psychology (3) This course will examine the history and development of clinical psychology and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Major theoretical orientations of practice, testing and assessment, and material from clinical interviews will introduce students to normal, creative, and pathological personalities and increasing sensitivity to the situational, psychological, and historical determinants of human personality.
Prerequisite: 21:830:102.

21:830:363 Abnormal Psychology (3) This course will examine psychopathology according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) along with its probable causes and unusual behavioral manifestations. Theories of abnormal pathology will be explored along with research techniques employed in the investigation of abnormality to best help students comprehend, empathize with, and begin to learn about the psychological treatment process. Prerequisite: 21:830:102.

21:830:369,370 Fieldwork in Psychology (3,3) Fieldwork at accredited agencies under the supervision of a departmental faculty member and an agency supervisor. Consult the advisers to determine the number of hours required for participation at an agency; advisers have a current listing of accredited agencies participating in this program. Prerequisites: 21:830:101,102; junior or senior standing; and permission of instructor.

21:830:371 Personality (3) Major theoretical and experimental contributions to the understanding of normal personality and its development; relative adequacy of different theories in dealing with specific empirical data. Prerequisite: 21:830:102.

21:830:373 Psychology of Women (3) Psychological roles of women in the human situation, traditional and contemporary; functions fulfilled by, and problems inherent in, the subordination of Eve to Adam; wider social-psychological implications of the new feminism. Examines novels, films, and journalistic, social-philosophic, psychoanalytic, and anthropolitical materials. Prerequisites: 21:830:102.

21:830:374 Psychopathology of Childhood (3)

At any moment, about 15 to 20 percent of all children and adolescents are experiencing some form of psychopathological disorder, such as depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity, or autism. Many more experience "sub-clinical" levels of psychopathology, which impact functioning but do not result in a serious degree of impairment. This course will explore three broad issues in understanding psychological disorders in children and adolescents: What are these disorders and how common are they? What are the identified "causes" of these disorders? How can professionals intervene to prevent or treat these disorders?

Prerequisite: 21:830:102.

21:830:375 Community Psychology (3) Community psychology (CP) is the branch of psychology most closely associated with how our society produces competent or dysfunctional citizens. It is especially concerned with the socialization institutions through which our children and youth pass (such as schools and families) and with the systems we have set up to help people when they have difficulties (i.e., mental health centers, psychiatric hospitals, and other clinical services). Community psychologists seek to improve community mental health through research and social intervention programs focused on prevention, citizen participation, environmental change, and influencing public policy. Prerequisite: 21:830:102.

21:830:378 Advanced Abnormal Psychology (3) Current theory and research in abnormal psychology; psychological and biochemical theories of psychopathology; examination of methods and findings of relevant experimental data. Prerequisites: 21:830:363 and permission of instructor.

21:830:405 Psychology of Emotion (3) Examines the nature of emotions, where and how they arise, and the functions that they serve. The class examines how emotions are defined, and their evolutionary, physiological, cultural, and developmental roots. The class also explores how emotions affect memory, thinking, problem solving, coping and communication, and social relations. The nature of specific emotions, including hostility, disgust, fear, and love, is discussed. Prerequisite: 21:830:102.

21:830:410 Topics in Neuroscience (3) This course title is used for elective courses that focus on neuroscience; topics and prerequisites vary each semester.

21:830:411 Introduction to Cognitive Neuroscience (3) Evidence from cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, behavioral neuroscience, and brain imaging used to investigate brain systems and mental representations underlying sensation and perception, movement, memory, and language. Brain anatomy, neurophysiology, and relation of brain and cognitive states to our experience of the world. Prerequisites: 21:830:304, 484.

21:830:412 Neuroscience of Decision-Making (3) Introduction to research on behavioral and neural mechanisms involved in how we make decisions. The class is organized into four basic sections covering the integration of ideas from psychology, neuroscience, and economics that inspire research in the new discipline of neuroeconomics.
Prerequisites: 21:830:101.

21:830:413 Neuropsychology (3) Neuropsychology is the study of the brain basis of behavior and, in particular, how brain damage can lead to impaired behavior. Starting with a historical overview of the field, an initial review of the basics of neurochemistry and the methods used to study the brain follows. We will then learn about the organization of brain functions, how they change over time, and how they are affected by brain damage. Prerequisite: 21:830:101.

21:830:414 Stress and the Social Brain (3) This course explores the psychological and biological mechanisms underlying stress and stress responses. We all regularly experience stress. While often colloquially viewed as negative, stress plays an important role in promoting essential survival functions, enhancing performance, supporting social behavior, and allowing us to overcome challenges and obstacles in pursuit of our goals. However, it can also be aversive and debilitating, leading to difficulties completing daily tasks, dysfunction within social relationships, and increasing risk for negative mental and physical health outcomes. This course presents a broad survey of theoretical and methodological perspectives central to studying stress with a focus on the mechanisms through which stress influences social behavior and cognition.
Prerequisite: 21:830:101.

21:830:420 Infancy (3) Humans grow and change dramatically between conception and the age of 2 years. This course surveys classic and current research and theory in the study of infant development, including physical, neurological, perceptual, cognitive, communicative, emotional, and social development. It examines how development during the first two years provides the foundation upon which all psychological capacities are built. Also addresses current controversies in infant development and their relation to parenting, public policy, and law. Prerequisites: 21:830:102, 323.

21:830:424 Health Psychology (3) Psychological influences on health, illness, and the improvement of the health care system. Impact of judgments, attitudes, and beliefs on health; emotions and emotional control on health and coping; effects of gender, culture, and individual differences; interpersonal and organizational conflict in health care settings; patient-practitioner interaction; and management of chronic illness. Prerequisite: 21:830:102.

21:830:431 Media Psychology (3) Introduces students to the emerging field of media psychology. The course is designed to explore media research in each of the major schools of thought in psychology. As an interdisciplinary field of study, it includes cultural media studies and neuroscientific research on the biological systems and media and technology. Covers the history and research methods of media effects, critical theory of the media, and neuroscience. Prerequisite: 21:830:102.

21:830:441 Drugs and the Brain (3) This course examines the variety of mechanisms through which psychoactive drugs affect brain function. The course introduces basic pharmacological principles of drug action to evaluate how various psychoactive drugs act in the nervous system and body to alter thoughts, experience, and mental function. Additionally, this course provides a framework for assessing topics such as cognitive enhancement with drugs, the effects on development, and the effective use of drugs as therapeutics for mental disorders, and addiction. Prerequisite: 21:830:484.

21:830:469 Sexual Diversity (3)

Examines the development and psychological implications of sexual orientation, gender identity, and sexuality. Students will examine psychological research on these topics and compare and contrast scholarly work with popular media depictions of these topics. Also examines how the implications of culture, gender, and race intersect with sexual orientation and sexuality.

Prerequisites: 21:830:102.

21:830:470 AI and the Brain (3) The Artificial Intelligence (AI) revolution has at its heart a huge debt to our understanding of the human brain. The Deep Learning networks that have created such breakthroughs as driverless cars have nodes, like neurons, connections like synapses, and flow of information through networks that are therefore "brain-like". This course will examine the relationship between AI and the brain, exploring the nature of neural networks, Deep Learning, and their modern dependency on brain science. We will develop the theory and history of neural networks and the emergence of Deep Learning, and its larger significance in AI and Cognitive Neuroscience. Students will create their own projects using these modern AI tools and document their results and research. Prerequisites: 21:830:302, 21:198:100.

21:830:480 Learning Assistantship in Psychology (4) This course gives advanced psychology majors the opportunity to gain experience supporting the engagement of students enrolled in Statistics or Research Methods who are developing skills in quantitative or research methodology. Working closely with graduate teaching assistants, learning assistants guide and support the learning process in a hands-on laboratory context as they themselves learn pedagogical skills and best practices. Learning assistants develop the skills needed to understand others' ways of thinking and the challenges they must overcome; they also substantially strengthen their own understanding of these concepts and methods in the service of supporting their peers.

21:830:484 Behavioral Neuroscience (3) This course examines the biological basis of behavioral and psychological processes. It introduces basic concepts in neuroscience, including the anatomical organization of the brain, generation of neural activity, and communication through synapses. The biological basis of sensory, motor, homeostatic, emotional, learning, and higher order cognitive processes are considered, along with the biological basis of mental and neurological disorders. Prerequisite: 21:830:101.

21:830:485 Internship in Psychology (3) Internship at accredited agencies under the supervision of a departmental faculty member and an agency supervisor. Designed to give junior and senior psychology students an opportunity to connect knowledge of psychology gained in the classroom to the "real world" of the practice of psychology and related mental health disciplines, gain work experience relevant to career planning in the field of psychology, and receive exposure to the nature of advanced training in the psychology field. Students in this course will complete an internship in the field averaging about 8 hours per week while receiving weekly supervision from internship supervisors and faculty advisors.
Prerequisites: 21:830:101,102; junior or senior standing; permission of instructor.

21:830:487 Pain and Pleasure (3) This course examines the neural basis of pain and pleasure. It focuses on the neural pathways, brain systems, neurotransmitters, and drugs that generate, enhance, and inhibit pain and pleasure.
Prerequisite: 21:830:101.

21:830:489 Special Issues in Psychology (3) This course title is used for psychology electives; topics and prerequisites will vary each semester.

21:830:491,492 Research in Psychology (BA,BA) Design, execution, and analysis of psychological research under the supervision of a faculty member; learning how to do psychological research by means of firsthand experience. Prerequisites: Permission of instructor.

21:830:493,494 Individual Study in Psychology (BA,BA) Exploration of contemporary and classical problems in psychology through planned readings and discussions with a faculty member; emphasis on going beyond textbooks and learning to think about psychological issues in depth. Students prepare a written report summarizing their project. Prerequisites: Junior or senior standing and permission of instructor.

21:830:495 Research in Neuroscience (BA) Design, execution, and analysis of neuroscience research under the supervision of a faculty member; learning how to do neuroscientific research by means of firsthand experience. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

21:830:496 The Emotional Brain (3) What are emotions? Neural substrates examined from neurobiological perspectives. Individual and social functions of emotions, emotional intelligence. Prerequisites: 21:830:101.

21:830:497,499 Senior Thesis (BA, BA) Required for successful completion of the honors major in psychology. Students design and execute a two-semester original research project under the supervision of a faculty member. Students produce a formal, APA-style document summarizing their project, which is evaluated by two faculty members.
Prerequisites: Junior or senior standing in the major and permission of instructor.