01:447:201-202Independent Study in Genetics and Microbiology (1-3,1-3) Independent study under the direction of a member of the departmental faculty. Written report is required. Prerequisites: Permission of department; cumulative grade-point average of 2.8 or better. May not be used to fulfill a laboratory requirement.

01:447:245Introduction to Cancer (3) Introduction to the biological and medical aspects of malignancy. (Formerly 01:119:495) Prerequisites: 01:119:101-102. Credit not given for both this course and 01:447:495.

01:447:302Computers in Biology (3) Application of the computer in analysis of biological data. Includes programming techniques and simulations of biochemical, physiological, genetic, ecological, medical, and evolutionary phenomena. (Formerly 01:119:302) Prerequisites: 01:119:101-102; 01:160:161-162; and 01:640:135, 138.

01:447:307-308Research in Genetics and Microbiology (1-3,1-3) Laboratory research on original problem under the direction of a professor. Prerequisites: 01:447:380, permission of department, and cumulative grade-point average of 2.8 or better.

01:447:315Introduction to Research in Genetics and Basic principles and methods of research with microbial model systems used in the analysis and manipulation of genes, followed by a research project in molecular genetics. Prerequisites: 01:160:307-308 or 315-316. Pre- or corequisite: 01:447:380. Open only to genetics and microbiology majors.

01:447:380Genetics (4) Introduction to the mechanisms of heredity and evolution. Mechanisms of Mendelian inheritance, meiosis, recombination, gene mutation and mapping. An introduction to modern biochemical, molecular, and population genetics. (Formerly 01:119:380) Lec. 3 hrs., rec. 1 hr. Prerequisites: 01:119:101-102 and 01:160:161-162, 171. Credit not given for both this course and 11:776:305.

01:447:382Genetics Laboratory (1) Laboratory to accompany 01:447:380. (Formerly 01:119:382) Lab. 3 hrs. Pre- or corequisite: 01:447:380.

01:447:384Behavioral and Neural Genetics (3) Influence of genetics on the nervous system and behavior of various organisms. Overview of field including experimental analysis of behavior, development of the nervous system, and sensory systems. Emphasis on reading and interpreting original research. Prerequisites: 01:146:245 and 01:447:380.

01:447:390General Microbiology (4) Basic principles of microbiology. An introduction to the physi- ology, morphology, pathogenicity, and genetics of groups of microorganisms and their applications. (Formerly 01:119:390) Lec. 3 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisites: 01:119:101-102; 01:160:161-162, 171, and 307.

01:447:392Pathogenic Microbiology (3) Host/parasite interactions in diseases caused by microorganisms, including pathogenicity, virulence, and immunity. Principles of infection, transmission, and disease control also discussed. (Formerly 01:119:392) Prerequisite 01:119:131 or 133 or 01:447:390

01:447:394Applied Microbiology (4) Microorganisms in foods; their application in industry, agriculture, environment, and medicine. Physical and chemical factors of growth and control in relation to industrial and natural processes. (Formerly 01:119:394) Lec. 3 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: 01:447:390 or equivalent. Credit not given for both this courses and 11:126:394.

01:447:398Electron Microscopy (4) Theory, practice, and application of transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy; emphasis on material relevant to genetics. Pre- or corequisites: 01:119:102, 01:750:203-204; permission of instructor (limited enrollment).

01:447:403,404Seminar in Genetics and Microbiology (1,1) Student presentations based on special topics selected by the course instructor. Open only to senior majors.

01:447:406-407Research in Genetics and Micro- biology (3-6,3-6) Research project in the laboratory of a faculty member. Student research plans and results presented in 01:447:403,404. Prerequisites: 01:447:315, permission of department, and cumulative grade- point average of 2.8 or better. Open only to seniors majoring in genetics or microbiology.

01:447:408-409Honors in Genetics and Microbiology (6,6) Laboratory research on original problem under the direction of a professor. Written thesis, oral presentation, and defense required. Prerequisites: 01:447:315, permission of department. Open only to seniors majoring in genetics or microbiology who meet the requirements for the departmental honors program.

01:447:420Evolutionary Genetics: Humans and Other Primates (3) Molecular evolution of human and primate genomes; genetic and phenotypic evolution; the genetic basis of being human; primate phylogeny. Prerequisites: 01:477:380 and 01:070:102, 01:070:212, or special permission of instructor. Credit not given for both this course and 01:070:420.

01:447:480Topics in Molecular Genetics (3) Current research topics in microbial and molecular genetics. Lectures, discussions, and critical analysis of journal articles. Prerequisite: 01:447:380.

01:447:481Topics in Human Genetics (3) Genetic aspects of human health and disease. Topics include birth defects, immunogenetics, cytogenetics, metabolic disorders, pattern of inheritance, and genetic counseling. (Formerly 01:119:481) Prerequisite: 01:447:380.

01:447:486Evolutionary Genetics (3) Principles of evolution as revealed in DNA sequences. The effects of natural selection, genetic drift, and speciation on DNA, and the inference of histories from comparative DNA sequence data. Prerequisite: 01:447:380.

01:447:489,490Literature Research in Genetics and Microbiology (3,3) Literature or computer research projects on a selected subject under�the direction of a faculty member. Students write a thesis and present it in 01:447:403,404. Pre- or corequisites: 01:447:380 and 403.

01:447:491Microbial Ecology and Diversity (4) Genetic diversity: the genetic diversity of microorganisms in the environment-how it is measured and what it means; genomics of environmental microbes. Metabolic diversity: modes of microbial metabolism in the environment; geochemical cycling. Ecosystem�diversity: microbial interactions; life of microbes in terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric environments. (Formerly 01:119:491) Lec./rec. 3 hr., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: 01:447:390. Credit not given for both this course and 11:126:491.

01:447:495Cancer (3) Biological and medical aspects of malignancy. Oncogenic viruses, environmental chemical carcinogens, cell growth regulation, tumor immunology, genetics of cancer. (Formerly 01:119:495) Prerequisite: 01:447:380. Credit not given for both this course and 01:447:245.

01:447:498Bacterial Physiology (3) Bacterial biochemistry with emphasis on integration of metabolic pathways at the level of gene expression and enzymatic activity. (Formerly 01:119:498) Prerequisites: 01:160:307-308, 311; 01:447:390; or permission of instructor.