16:450:501 (F) Introduction to Natural Resources Management (3) Review of recent literature on natural resources management, with emphasis on identifying and analyzing research themes and methodologies employed by contemporary geographers.

16:450:504 (F) Coastal Geomorphology (3) Erosional and depositional processes in the coastal environment. Process-response models and problem-solving methods in coastal research.
Prerequisite: 01:450:403 or 404 or equivalent.

16:450:505 (F) Advanced Physical Geography (3) Selected topics within the general field of earth science.
Prerequisite: 01:450:403 or 404 or equivalent.

16:450:507 (S) Applied Geomorphology (3) Applications of modern geomorphological research to environmental management, including geomorphological constraints to human activity and human effects on landform processes.
Prerequisite: 01:450:403 or 404 or equivalent.

16:450:508 Environment and Development (3) Relationship between environmental change and economic development; political and cultural ecology; environmental justice; and social theory and the environment. Critical analysis of environmental conservation methods and development planning initiatives.

16:450:509 Uneven Development (3) Political economy of development and underdevelopment. Historical geography of development interventions. Theories of agrarian and industrial transitions. Political, economic, and social geographic impacts of development.

16:450:510 (S) Water Resources Management (3) Problems in the management of water use in metropolitan environments. The effects of urbanization on the hydrologic regime. The influence of geohydrologic factors on water-use decisions.

16:450:511 (S) Land Change Science (3) Understanding land dynamics through an examination of coupled human-environment systems; the development of land change studies and the theoretical and methodological challenges to linking biophysical, socioeconomic, and remote sensing/GIS analyses.

16:450:514 Environment and Culture (3) Interrelations of the environment and cultural practices, knowledge, and ideals. Concepts and methods for studying these interrelations.

16:450:515 (S) Population Migration and Mobility (3) Analysis of population mobility at the international (immigration, guest workers, refugees), interregional, and intraurban levels through examination of spatial patterns of migration, locational decisions, impact of migrants in places, and population redistribution policies.

16:450:516 (S) Urban Geography (3) Geographic aspects of urbanization, theories of contemporary urban geography, and their application to existing urban patterns.

16:450:517,518 Directed Study in Geography (3,3) Directed readings and individual study supplementary to formal courses.
Prerequisite: Permission of graduate director.

16:450:519 (F) Problems in Political Geography (3) Geographic implications of state theory, locational conflict, public policy, and national and local government relations.

16:450:520 Women in the Urban Environment (3) Documentation of the spatial constraints faced by women in the urban environment; examination of women's roots in the context of the interrelation between the activities of production and reproduction.

16:450:521 Regional Hydrology and Landforms (3) Relationships between physiographic regions and hydrologic systems. Field trips to regional watersheds in varying landform areas. Land use and water quality.

16:450:522 Tourism Geography (3) Geographical aspects of the world's leading industry by value. Economic, environmental, cultural, and social impacts of tourism domestically and internationally.

16:450:523 The Climate System and Global Climate Change (3) The earth's energy balance, hydrologic cycle, and atmospheric circulation at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Present climate events and aspects of climate change.

16:450:525 Restructuring of Central and Eastern Europe after 1989 (3) Examination of the roots of the collapse of totalitarian regimes in central and eastern Europe. Analyzes spatial implications of the transition for urban development, gender relations, economic restructuring, and environmental change.

16:450:526 Property Theory and Policy (3) The problem of private property versus public and common property rights in housing, urban space, and environmental resources, in an international perspective. Policies and practices that determine patterns of ownership, use, economy, and justice in alternative property regimes.

16:450:530 Data Structures and Algorithms for Spatial Problems (3) Discussion and hands-on programming of data structures and algorithms used in geographic information systems.
Prerequisite: 01:450:321 or 420 or 11:372:462.

16:450:533 Geographic Information in the Visual Arts (3) The visual culture of geography. Images as evidence for the condition of the cultural and physical environment and as determinants of knowledge, cultural values, and territoriality.

16:450:601,602 Field and Research Methods in Geography (3,3) Research procedures and methods, survey of past and current literature, data collection and analysis, and preparation of reports, papers, and theses; colloquia on analytical problems.

16:450:603 (F) Research Proseminar (3) Evolution and status of main disciplinary subfields, contemporary paradigms, transdisciplinary relationships, professional employment trends, introduction to geographical bibliography, and basic research skills.
Required for graduate degrees.

16:450:605,606 Geography Seminar (3,3) Lectures and special problems in current issues. Course content varies according to student and faculty interest.

16:450:607 (S) Geography, Space, and Social Theory (3) The use of social theory within human geography; understandings of space and spatiality; the "spatial turn" in social theory.

16:450:609 Geography of Globalization (3) Causes and consequences of economic globalization. Topics include the determinants of globalization, theoretical models of globalization, and implications of globalization for regional economies and the environment.

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16:450:612 Natural Hazards Management (3) Analysis of human and environmental contributions to the generation and management of natural hazards, including, among others, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, and droughts. Contemporary public policy issues at national and international levels of government. Theoretical emphasis on decision making in the face of uncertainty.

16:450:613 (F) Seminar in Coastal Resources Geography (3) Analysis of contemporary maritime management issues, including ecosystem preservation, siting of energy facilities, ocean dumping, storm-disaster mitigation, port development, waterfront revitalization, and beach recreation. Focus on U.S. and international public policy.

16:450:615 (S) Seminar in Remote Sensing (3) Remote sensors and their research capabilities. Research design for remote-sensing studies.

16:450:616 Seminar in Technological Hazards (3) Human strategies for managing technological hazards. Development and application of public approaches to technological-hazards management in a global context.

16:450:617 Seminar in Remote Sensing of the Biosphere (3) Application of satellite remote sensing and geographic information system technology to monitor and model the earth's biosphere, including terrestrial/aquatic primary production, biogeochemical cycling, and climate dynamics.
Lathrop. Prerequisite: 16:450:615 or equivalent or permission of instructor.

16:450:625 Seminar in Geographic Information Systems (3) Advanced topics in geographic information systems (GIS): raster/vector data structures, GIS modeling. Requires literature review and hands-on computer analysis.
Prerequisite: 01:450:420 or 11:372:462.

16:450:701,702 Research in Geography (BA,BA)