01:013:145 Introduction to Aramaic (3) Introduction to the grammar of Aramaic. Focuses on the Aramaic portions of the books of Ezra and Daniel, combined with a survey of Aramaic dialects in antiquity and the present day. Prerequisite: 01:685:101 or 01:563:101 Elementary Modern Hebrew I or equivalent. Credit not given for both this course and 01:563:145 or 01:685:145.

01:013:146-147 Elementary Bengali (4,4) Development of oral and written proficiency.

01:013:150-151 Elementary Hausa (4,4) Development of oral and written proficiency.

01:013:152-153 Elementary Modern Hebrew (4,4) Speaking, reading, and writing; oral-aural and written exercises. Prerequisite: Placement test to determine level of language competence. Not open for credit to students who have had two or more years of secondary school Hebrew. Credit not given for both these courses and 01:563:101-102 or 01:685:101-102.

01:013:154 Biblical Hebrew I (3) Introduction to Biblical Hebrew, with a focus on basic grammar and lexicon, leading to reading ability and comprehension of simple narrative prose texts. Credit not given for both this course and 01:563:141.

01:013:155 Biblical Hebrew II (3) Continuation of Biblical Hebrew I, leading to more advanced grammar and lexicon, with further understanding of narrative prose texts and an introduction to poetic texts. Prerequisite: 01:013:154, 01:563:141, or permission of instructor. Credit not given for both this course and 01:563:142.

01:013:156 Hebrew Review and Continuation (4) Development of primary language skills. Prerequisites: Previous exposure to Hebrew and placement into Hebrew 121. Credit not given for both this course and 01:563:121.

01:013:160-161 Elementary Hindi (4,4) Development of oral and written proficiency.

01:013:170-171 Elementary Malayalam (4,4) Development of oral and written proficiency.
Credit not given for both this course and 01:925:170-171.

01:013:176-177 Elementary Persian (4,4) Development of oral and written proficiency.

01:013:180 Elementary Sanskrit I (4)

Introduction to basic features of the grammatical system of the classical Sanskrit language. Reading edited, simplified texts.

01:013:181 Elementary Sanskrit II (4) Continuation of study of Sanskrit grammar; beginning work with unmodified Sanskrit texts.

01:013:186-187 Elementary Swahili (4,4) Development of oral and written proficiency.

01:013:190-191 Elementary Turkish (4,4) Development of oral and written proficiency.

01:013:194-195 Elementary Yoruba (4,4) Development of oral and written proficiency.

01:013:196-197 Elementary Zulu (4,4) Development of oral and written proficiency.

01:013:201 Crossroads: Classical Literatures of Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia (3) Survey of the classical literary traditions of Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia in comparative context.

01:013:211 Introduction to the Literatures of Africa (3) Literatures of Africa from their origins to the present.

01:013:221 Introduction to the Literatures of the Middle East (3) Literatures of the Middle East from their origins to the present.

01:013:231 Introduction to the Literatures of South Asia (3) Literatures of South Asia from their origins to the present.
Credit not given for both this course and 01:195:243. All works studied in translation.

01:013:240-241 Intermediate Arabic (4,4) Continued development of oral and written proficiency. Elementary literary material. Detailed exploration of the underlying linguistic structures of the language. Prerequisites: 01:013:128, 01:685:128 or 01:013:141; or placement.

01:013:242-243 Classical Arabic (4,4) Introduction to classical and Qur'anic Arabic; instruction in the use of standard dictionaries and grammars of the language. Prerequisites: 01:685:128, 01:013:128, 01:013:141 or equivalent; or placement.

01:013:246-247 Intermediate Bengali (4,4) Continued development of oral and written proficiency. Elementary literary material. Detailed exploration of the underlying linguistic structures of the language. Prerequisite: 01:925:104 or 01:013:147 or placement.

01:013:250-251 Intermediate Hausa (4,4) Continued development of oral and written proficiency. Elementary literary material. Detailed exploration of the underlying linguistic structures of the language. Prerequisite: 01:013:102 or 01:013:151 or placement.

01:013:252-253 Intermediate Modern Hebrew (4,4) Development of language skills; selected readings. Prerequisite: 01:013:152, 01:685:102, 01:563:102, or placement. Credit not given for both these courses and 01:563:131-132 or 01:685:131-132.

01:013:260-261 Intermediate Hindi (4,4) Continued development of oral and written proficiency. Elementary literary material. Detailed exploration of the underlying linguistic structures of the language. Prerequisite: 01:505:102 or 01:013:161 or placement.

01:013:276-277 Intermediate Persian (4,4) Continued development of oral and written proficiency. Elementary literary material. Detailed exploration of the underlying linguistic structures of the language. Prerequisite: 01:685:104 or 01:013:177 or placement.

01:013:280 Intermediate Sanskrit I (4) Reading of intermediate-level Sanskrit technical literature: grammar, logic, and textual exegesis. Prerequisite: 01:03:181 or permission of instructor.

01:013:281 Intermediate Sanskrit II (4) Reading of intermediate-level Sanskrit story literature and poetry. Examination of commentarial style in Sanskrit. Prerequisite: 01:03:280 or permission of instructor.

01:013:286-287 Intermediate Swahili (4,4) Continued development of oral and written proficiency. Elementary literary material. Detailed exploration of the underlying linguistic structures of the language. Prerequisite: 01:013:106 or 01:013:187 or placement.

01:013:290-291 Intermediate Turkish (4,4) Continued development of oral and written proficiency. Elementary literary material. Detailed exploration of the underlying linguistic structures of the language. Prerequisite: 01:685:106 or 01:013:191 or placement.

01:013:294-295 Intermediate Yoruba (4,4) Continued development of written and oral proficiency. Elementary literary material. Detailed exploration of the underlying linguistic structures of the language. Prerequisite: 01:013:134 or 01:013:195.

01:013:296-297 Intermediate Zulu (4,4) Continued development of written and oral proficiency. Elementary literary material. Detailed exploration of the underlying linguistic structures of the language. Prerequisite: 01:013:110 or 01:013:197.

01:013:301-302 Topics in African, Middle Eastern, and South Asian Languages and Literatures (3,3) Variable content. Studies in particular ideas, themes, forms, and historic units in literature, linguistics, or sociolinguistics in one or more regions covered by AMESALL.

01:013:303 Language and Society in Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia (3) Comparative exploration of the social, cultural, and political aspects of language in Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia in the postcolonial context.

01:013:305 African, Middle Eastern, and South Asian Languages in Peril (3) Introduction to local languages, their scientific and cultural value, and the threat posed by their extinction, with a focus upon the endangered languages of Africa and Asia.

01:013:306 Documenting the Languages of New Jersey (3) Discovery and documentation of the structure of an African, Middle Eastern, or South Asian language spoken in New Jersey through consultation with native speakers. Prerequisite: 01:013:305.

01:013:311 Women Writers of Africa (3) Survey of recent writings by women from a variety of cultural, linguistic, and regional areas of Africa. Credit not given for both this course and 01:195:363.

901:013:312 African Folklore and Myth (3) Survey of the folklore of Africa and the African diaspora.

01:013:313 African Linguistics (3) Study of the genetic relationships of African languages and some of the phonological, morphological, and syntactic features of these languages.

01:013:314 Islam and African Literature (3) Impact of Islam on African literature, and Islam as a theme of literary expression.

01:013:315 Political Thought in African Literatures (3) Literatures of Africa as an instrument of political thought and political activism.

01:013:316 African Literature of the South Asian Diaspora (3) Imaginative works of writers of the South Asian diaspora in East Africa and Southern Africa.

01:013:322 Middle Eastern Folklore and Myth (3)

A survey of the folklore of the Middle East, with a focus upon Jewish, Christian, Mandaean, and Muslim folktales from Iraq and the Levant.

01:013:331 Modern Literatures of South Asia (3) Literary works from modern South Asia. Credit not given for both this course and 01:195:249. All works studied in translation.

01:013:340-341 Advanced Arabic (3,3) Reinforcement of oral and written proficiency developed within a cultural context. Comprehensive understanding of linguistic structures. Readings in literature. Prerequisite: 01:013:241 or permission of instructor.

01:013:342 Modern Arabic Literatures (3) Survey of representative works of modern Arabic literature in translation, including poetry, the novel, the short story, and plays. Credit not given for both this course and 01:013:437.

01:013:343 Arabic Classical Literatures (3) Survey of a wide selection of Arabic literary texts in translation, dating from the sixth to the 12th centuries, including poetry and prose in both classical and colloquial Arabic. Credit not given for both this course and 01:195:237. All works studied in translation.

01:013:344 Moroccan Culture (3)

Key aspects of the history, authority, sociology, religion, architecture, education, economy, media, and culture of Morocco.

Prerequisite: Two semesters of elementary Arabic. Special Notation: Study Abroad course in Morocco. Credit not given for both this course and 01:685:329.

01:013:352-353 Advanced Modern Hebrew (3,3) Intensive training in Hebrew grammar and reinforcement of already acquired higher-level language skills: speaking, listening, comprehension, reading, and writing. Text analysis includes newspaper articles and essays. Prerequisite: 01:563:132, 01:685:132, 01:103:253, or placement. Credit not given for both these courses and 01:563:210-211 or 01:685:210-211.

01:013:354 Contemporary Hebrew Literature and Media (3) Addresses current issues facing Israeli society as reflected in Israeli literature and press. Texts include poetry, songs, essays, newspaper articles, and films. Prerequisite: 01:563:211 or 01:013:353 or placement. Credit not given for both this course and 01:563:371.

01:013:355 Introduction to Modern Israeli Literature (3) Introduces students to major writers of modern Hebrew literature with the goal of developing their own critical reading and writing skills. Readings include modern Hebrew poetry, prose, and plays. Credit not given for both this course and 01:563:372.

01:013:360 Advanced Hindi (3) Reading, textual analysis, and content discussion of selected short essays from Hindi newspapers, fictional works, and ethnographic material. Introduction to Hindi discourse structure. Prerequisite: 01:013:261.

01:013:361 Advanced Hindi (3) Continuation of reading and analysis of short essays of various genres. Exercises in prose, drama, and poetry composition. Further work on Hindi discourse structure. Prerequisite: 01:013:360.

01:013:376-377 Advanced Persian (3,3) Reinforcement of oral and written proficiency developed within a cultural context. Comprehensive understanding of linguistic structures. Readings in literature. Prerequisite: 01:013:277 or placement.

01:013:378 Modern Persian Literatures (3) A survey of Persian literatures from the 19th century to the present.

01:013:379 Classical Persian Literatures (3) A survey of classical Persian literatures in their canonical genres.

01:013:386-387 Advanced Swahili (4,4)

Reinforcement of oral and written proficiency developed within a cultural context. Comprehensive understanding of linguistic structures. Readings in literature.

Prerequisite: 01:013:287 or placement.

01:013:390-391 Advanced Turkish (3,3) Reinforcement of oral and written proficiency developed within a cultural context. Comprehensive understanding of linguistic structures. Readings in literature. Prerequisite: 01:013:291 or placement.

01:013:394-395 Advanced Yoruba (4,4) Reinforcement of oral and written proficiency developed within a cultural context. Comprehensive understanding of linguistic structures. Readings in literature. Prerequisite: 01:013:295 or placement.

01:013:396 Introduction to Yoruba Literature in Translation (3) Yoruba literature from precolonial to postcolonial times. Oral and written literary materials in their historical, cultural, social, religious, and political contexts.

01:013:397 Introduction to Yoruba Folklore (3) Yoruba folklore and its various genres, including folktale, epic, legend, myth, and oracle.

01:013:401,402 Advanced Topics in African, Middle Eastern, and South Asian Languages and Literatures (3,3) Variable content. Advanced studies in particular ideas, themes, forms, and historic units in literature, linguistics, or sociolinguistics in one or more regions covered by AMESALL.

01:013:409 Introduction to the Semitic Languages (3) Survey of the Semitic languages and their history from a comparative perspective. Prerequisite: One year of a Semitic language (such as Hebrew or Arabic) or permission of instructor. Credit not given for both this course and 01:563:409.

01:013:442 Readings in Modern Arabic Literature (3) Critical readings of selected short stories from the modern Arab world. Prerequisite: Advanced Arabic 01:013:341, near-native proficiency in Arabic, or permission of instructor.

01:013:452 Readings in Modern Hebrew Literature (3) Reading and analysis of modern Hebrew poetry and short prose, with an emphasis on major Israeli authors. Prerequisite: 01:563:372 or 01:013:355 or placement. Credit not given for both this course and 01:563:471.

01:013:453 The Hebrew Novel (3) Reading and analysis of the modern Hebrew novel, with an emphasis on major Israeli authors. Prerequisite: 01:563:372, 01:013:355, or placement. Course taught in Hebrew. Credit not given for both this course and 01:563:472.

01:013:454 Love and Desire in Hebrew Prose and Poetry (3) Explores the themes of love and desire in modern Hebrew prose, poetry, and film. Special attention paid to how the literature and films handle the issues of love, desire, and personal relationships in contemporary Israeli culture. Prerequisite: 01:563:372, 01:013:355, or placement. Course taught in Hebrew. Credit not given for both this course and 01:563:484.

01:013:455 Israeli Literature and Society (3) Traces the development of modern Israeli literature, from the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948 to the present day. Of special interest will be the manner in which these stories define the quintessential Israeli hero and contend with the question of Israeli identity. Prerequisite: 01:563:372, 01:013:355, or placement. Course taught in Hebrew. Credit not given for both this course and 01:563:485.

01:013:476-477 Theory and Practice of Persian Translation I, II (3)

Translation of Persian into English: theories of translation and factors that impede it, illustrated by translation of a variety of nonliterary texts.

Prerequisite: Advanced Persian or permission of instructor.

01:013:478 Introduction to the Persian Epic (3)

General overview of the Persian epic from Ferdowsi's Shahnameh as the example of heroic literature to romantic epics by Nezami Ganjavi. Studies the ways in which Persian epics influenced contemporary Iranian literature, cinema, painting, and politics. Also explores how the Persian epic tradition differs from the Homeric epic.