16:070:502 Proseminar in Anthropology II (3) Basic overview of the central concepts, theories, resources, and methods fundamental to cultural anthropology, human ecology, physical anthropology, and archaeology.

16:070:503 Social/Cultural Anthropology (3) Social anthropology past and present; kinds of explanation, ethnoscience, methods and fieldwork, new directions, process, transaction and symbolic interaction, modern role theory, and networks.

16:070:504 Kinship (3) Examination of problems in social structure and organization with special reference to descent and alliance theory, kinship semantics and formal analysis, and evolution of social systems.

16:070:505 History of Anthropological Theory (3) Origin and development of anthropology; surveying the central ideas of major figures from the 17th century to the present.

16:070:506 Research Design and Methods in Social/Cultural Anthropology (3) Survey and critical evaluation of methods in current anthropology, using original research as data.

16:070:508 Evolutionary Theory and Processes (3) Natural selection, adaptation, evolutionary genetics, speciation, extinction, adaptive radiation, and macroevolution with special emphasis on human and nonhuman primate evolution.

16:070:509 Kinship in Nature and Culture (3) Examination of the anthropological orthodoxy that kinship systems are a property of culture and hence of human society; systematic examination of the role of kinship in the lives of other species, particularly the higher primates. The adaptational significance of human innovations.

16:070:510 Social Implications of Gender Differences (3) Consideration of the results of the interaction between the biological fact of gender differences and the varieties of cultural response to and interpretation of these differences.

16:070:511 Anthropology of Gender (3) Uses recent ethnographic and ethnological studies of women to appraise such anthropological assumptions as the homogeneity of simple societies, the harmony and stability of large or small societies, the primacy of the family, and the validity of ethnographic data.

16:070:513 Language Development (3) Animal communication; theories of the origin of language; biological basis of language. Cross-cultural comparison of language development in children and language universals.

16:070:514 Language as Social Action (3) Cultural implications of language and its use. Relations between language and culture, language and cognition, language and social group.

16:070:515 Theories of Agency (3) Explores theories of agency (agency understood as the socioculturally mediated capacity to act). Practice theory, language, gender, and resistance in relationship to agency.

16:070:516 Sexuality in a Cross-Cultural Perspective (3) Ethnographic issues in study of sexuality; major approaches; construction of sexuality, eroticism, and gender in wide range of cultures; relation of erotic culture to wider social order, history.

16:070:517 Anthropology of Violence (3) Explores cultural, structural, socioeconomic, and ethnohistorical dimensions of different types of violence (political violence, terrorism, war, and genocide) in a variety of local contexts.

16:070:518 Corporate and Personal Violence (3) Analysis of aggression and violence as features of individual and group behavior. Biological, evolutionary, sociological, and philosophical approaches.

16:070:519 Anthropology of Politics (3) Explorations of political organization of human societies at all stages of sociocultural development, beginning with hunter-gatherers and concluding with modern industrial state systems.

16:070:520 Power, State and Nation (3) The anthropological approach to the analysis of nation-states with special reference to boundary mechanisms, value systems, and the political control of everyday activities.

16:070:521 Anthropology of Industrial Society (3) Effects of the industrial system on kinship behavior, socialization of the young, the use of time, ethnicity and kinship interests, and "alienation." Limited, focused research project by the student.

16:070:522 Anthropology of Religion (3) Religion in the known cultures of the world, with special attention to ritual and myth. Detailed examination of particular ethnographic sources. The link between religious universals and theories of human nature.

16:070:523 Culture and Desire (3) Exploration of desire in social, political, and economic relations between dominant and oppressed groups in colonial/postcolonial worlds of the 19th to the 21st centuries, emphasizing contemporary discourses of desire as explanatory anthropological models.

16:070:524,525 World Ethnographic Areas I,II (3,3) Study of selected ethnographic areas such as Africa, Southeast Asia, India, or North America; cross-cultural analysis within an area. General theoretical and methodological issues as well as those unique to the particular area.

16:070:526 Urban Ethnography (3) Classic and contemporary urban ethnographies of the United States and elsewhere. Urban methods, construction of "the field," and epistemological concerns. Modernity and global cities. Space, race, and class. Representations of urbanism.

16:070:527 (F) The Ethnology of Inequality: Race, Class, and Ethnicity (3) Survey of anthropological literature on the relationships among race, class, and ethnicity. Ethnographic methods and the comparative approach to the study of hegemony, resistance, and conflict among groups defined as "racial" or "ethnic."

16:070:528 Explanation in Anthropology (3) Analysis of modes of explanation used in anthropological studies, with consideration of such issues as holism versus individualism; essentialism versus nominalism; action explanations and other explanations; generalization and particularism; and the problem of other cultures and other periods.

16:070:529 Racialization, Immigration, and the Politics of Citizenship (3) Relationship of citizenship to processes of racial formation in modern nation states. Topics include national histories of citizenship; (im)migration and globalization; regimes of difference; citizen-subjects; education; patriotism; multiculturalism; language politics.

16:070:530 Problems in Social Anthropology (3) For graduate students wishing to pursue advanced work supplementary to that provided in formal courses. Program of reading and conferences arranged by professor in charge.

16:070:531 Problems in Comparative Analysis (3) For graduate students wishing to pursue advanced work in areas not provided for in formal courses. Conferences, reading, and empirical work arranged in consultation with the professor in charge.

16:070:532 Problems in Ethnography (3) For graduate students wishing to pursue advanced work in areas not provided for in formal courses. Conferences, reading, and empirical work arranged in consultation with the professor in charge.

16:070:539 Political Anthropology: Comparative Cultural Approaches (3) Approaches to the analysis of culture: semiotics, phenomenology, hermeneutics, structuralism, and critical theory; applications. Meaning in politics: the roles of symbol, myth, metaphor, rhetoric, ritual, religion, and performance.� Cross-listed with 16:790:542.

16:070:540 Theorizing and Writing Ethnography (3) Critical theory and critical ethnography. Philosophical, epistemological, theoretical, and rhetorical dimensions of cultural description. Ethnography as rhetoric, genre, text, and narrative. Experiments with creative and innovative ethnographic writing.

16:070:541 Anthropology and Cultural Studies (3) Introduction to cultural studies, including Birmingham, Frankfurt School, and critical theory. Media, popular culture, performance, consumption. Subjectivity and identity. Intersections of race, class, ethnicity, gender, sexuality. Ethnographic and textual methods.

16:070:542 Frontiers (3) Political ecology, political economy, and environmental history used to examine an understudied space: the hinterlands of states, cities, industries, and empires.

16:070:543 Ecological Anthropology (3) The ecological approach in anthropology. Consideration of theory, method, and data analysis in ecological studies.

16:070:544 Environmental Anthropology in a Changing World (3) Methods for the analysis of current socioeconomic, health, and environmental problems involving interactions between people and their environment.

16:070:545 Anthropology of Development (3) Economic development and social change in third-world and advanced industrial societies. Theories of social change applied to areas such as education, urban planning, and social welfare.

16:070:546 Medical Anthropology (3) Examination of sociocultural factors influencing health and illness and the impact of social and cultural changes on disease patterns and health care systems. Includes ethnographic studies of systems of illness causation, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

16:070:547 Globalization and Neoliberalism (3) Cultural, political, economic, and historical dimensions of globalization. Rise of neoliberalism; debates about alternatives; social movements. Transformations in media, governance, capital, subjectivities, consumption, gender relations, biotechnology.

16:070:548 Cultural Politics of Transnationalism and Diaspora (3) Theories of transnational cultural politics. Colonialism, nationalism, and postcoloniality. Traveling culture, commodities, media, and consumption. Mobilities, migration, diaspora, and translocality. Race, gender, sexuality. Ethnographic, textual, and political economic analyses.

16:070:549 Culture and Capitalism (3) Explores historical and contemporary efforts to analyze the relationship between culture and capitalism. Relevant theories and critical readings of current ethnographies. Topics include commoditization, modernity, colonialism, postcoloniality, production and reproduction, and social differences.

16:070:550 Economic Anthropology (3) Survey of theories and methods in economic anthropology.

16:070:551 Maritime Anthropology (3) An advanced course in sociocultural, economic, and ecological anthropology focused on the study of fishing and other maritime communities and problems concerning human relationships to natural resources. Prerequisite: Course in anthropological theory.

16:070:552 Seminar in Ecological Anthropology (3) Interrelations of ecological and socioeconomic changes as an interdisciplinary problem area.

16:070:553 Problems in Human Ecology I (3) For graduate students wishing to pursue advanced work in areas not provided for in formal courses. Conferences, reading, and laboratory work arranged in consultation with the professor in charge.

16:070:554 Problems in Human Ecology II (3) For graduate students wishing to pursue advanced work in areas not provided for in formal courses. Conferences, reading, and laboratory work arranged in consultation with the professor in charge.

16:070:558 Evolution of the Hominidae (3) The fossil Old-World higher primates; the Miocene fossil apes; problems of when, where, and why hominids first appeared; the australopithecines of Plio/Pleistocene Africa; early genus Homo; Homo erectus; Neanderthals; the appearance of anatomically modern man; Paleolithic cultures.

16:070:559 Evolution of Behavior (3) Consideration of human and primate behavior from an evolutionary perspective. Topics include aggression, territorial behavior, sexuality and mating systems, socialization, and sex roles in primate society.

16:070:560 Natural Selection and Social Theory (3) Recent papers on key topics in social evolution, such as female choice, symmetry, parasites, virulence, kinship, homosexuality, reciprocal altruism, and self-deception. Special emphasis on human data.

16:070:561 Human Behavioral Ecology (3) Review of major issues and recent research in behavioral ecology and related approaches to human behavior.

16:070:563 The Biology of Social Bonds (3) The dynamics of basic social bonds, such as the mother-child bond, the mating bond, the bond between older and younger males, and the sibling bond, analyzed in terms of their evolution and of their significance for micro and macro social structures.

16:070:564 Problems in the Biology of Social Relations (3) The place of biology in the social sciences, relevance of the comparative sociology of animal societies; the phylogeny of behavior; special problems of aggression, territory, sexual and parental relationships, and language.

16:070:565 Human Osteology Laboratory (1)

16:070:566 Human Osteology (3) Examination of primate morphology, with emphasis on the evolution of human morphological adaptations. Lec. 2 hrs., lab. 1 hr.

16:070:567 Human Variation (3) Variation in body size, shape. Structural morphology, pigmentation, and biochemistry among living humans; climatic adaptation, disease, and human evolution; population origins through migration or local continuity through evolutionary time.

16:070:568 Primate Ecology and Social Behavior (3) Behavior of the nonhuman primates, emphasizing the relationship between ecology and social organization; the structure of social groups; and the development of behavior.

16:070:569 Sexual Differences and Sexual Selection in Primates (3) Methods, findings, theoretical developments of sexual selection studies in primates. Evolution of sex differences in behavior, sexuality, and morphology. Focus on primates in the comparative framework of studies of other organisms.

16:070:570 Hominid Taxonomy and Systematics (3) Implications of the existence of sympatric species; limits to similarity imposed by the coexistence of competing species; controversies surrounding the establishment of taxa; phylogenetic reconstructions.

16:070:571 Primate Evolution and Radiations (3) Exploration of primate history in terms of evolutionary radiations. Emphasis on entrance to and radiation within new adaptive zones and the change of these zones through time, using morphological and paleoecological information.

16:070:572 Biology of Human Behavior (3) Current uses and philosophical-historical bases of biological explanations of human behavior in social sciences. Role of animal behavior, cross-cultural, and genetic-neurohormonal data in the analysis of human social behavior.

16:070:573 Problems in Biological Anthropology (3) For graduate students wishing to pursue advanced work in areas not provided for in formal courses. Conferences, reading, and laboratory work arranged in consultation with the professor in charge.

16:070:574 Methods in Field Primatology (3) Current techniques for quantifying and sampling behavior in the field; specialized subjects include habitat description, phenology, audio recording, experimental design (playbacks), capture/immobilization, hormonal and DNA sampling, GPS/GIS, equipment.

16:070:578 Old World Prehistory (3) Key data and current interpretive models concerning the archaeology of hominid adaptations from earliest times through the Neolithic in the Old World.

16:070:580 Research Methods and Theory in Archaeology (3) Conceptual bases and assumptions used in the formulation of research designs and the interpretation of research results; examination of fieldwork problems and techniques, with emphasis on the problems of observation, use of documentary sources, surveying and excavation, and use of quantitative data.

16:070:582 Paleoecology and Archaeology (3) Methods of environmental reconstruction. Emphasis on the evolution of subsistence economies, with special attention to the origins of animal and plant domestication.

16:070:585,586 Problems in Archaeology (3,3) For graduate students wishing to pursue advanced work in areas not provided for in formal courses. Conferences, reading, and laboratory work arranged in consultation with the professor in charge.

16:070:587 Field Study in Archaeology (3) Supervised participation in fieldwork with instruction in excavation methods and practices. Personnel and field project location vary from year to year. Fees: tuition, transportation to site, and room and board. Minimum of 6 to 10 weeks at field location. Course may be repeated with permission of program director.

16:070:600 Field Statement (3) For graduate students preparing a field statement. May be taken twice.

16:070:601 Field Statement (3) For graduate students preparing a field statement. May be taken once.

16:070:602 Seminar in Social Theory (3) The intellectual history and philosophy of social science; exploration of the origins of the social and behavioral sciences in the western humanistic tradition. Prerequisite: 18 credits in graduate social science courses or permission of instructor.

16:070:603,604,605 Topics in Cultural Anthropology (3,3,3)

16:070:606,607,608 Topics in Evolutionary Anthropology (3,3,3)

16:070:626 Visual Anthropology (3) Study, use, and production of anthropological and ethnographic photographs, films, and videos for research and communication; study of human behavior through visual media.

16:070:701,702 Research in Anthropology (BA,BA)