01:750:109,110Astronomy and Cosmology (3,3) Predominantly descriptive introduction to current ideas concerning the nature and origin of the earth, the solar system, the galaxy, and the universe; neutron stars and black holes; the "big-bang"; the possibility of life outside the earth. 109: Development of our understanding of the solar system from the time of the Greeks to the present day. 110: Current understanding of stars, galaxies, and the universe. For nonscience majors. No prerequisite. May not be taken for major credit. Courses are independent and may be taken in either order or concurrently.

01:750:115-116Extended Analytical Physics I (3,3) Together with 01:750:227-228 forms a thorough introductory sequence. First term: graphs, orders of magnitude, units, dimensions, errors and precision, review of mathematics useful to physics, kinematics, vectors, force, and Newton`s laws. Second term: energy, momentum, rotational motion, oscillations, liquids, and thermal physics, including the laws of thermodynamics and the kinetic theory of gases. Lec. 2 hrs., workshop 3 hrs. Corequisites: 01:640:112 or 115 (first term), 01:640:CALC1 (second term). Sequence 01:750:115-116 is equivalent to 01:750:123-124, if both 01:750:115 and 116 are taken. Intended for engineering students who need extra help in preparing for 01: 750:227-228.

01:750:123-124Analytical Physics I (2,2) Forms a thorough introductory sequence together with 01:750:227-228.�Kinematics, dynamics, energy, momentum, angular momentum, heat, and kinetic theory. Lec. 1 hr., rec. 1 hr. Corequisites: 01:640:151-152. Primarily for engineering and physics majors. This course should be followed by 01:750:227-228 (or 204 if changing major).

01:750:140The Greenhouse Effect (3) Physical and chemical bases of the "greenhouse effect" and its global impact: biological, climatic, economic, and political. Reducing the emission of "greenhouse" gases; nuclear energy, and other alternative energy sources. For nonscience majors; may not be taken for major credit in science and engineering. Credit not given for both this course and 01:160:140, 01:450:140, or 01:556:140.

01:750:161Elements of Physics (4) Survey of major topics in physics, such as motion, fluids, waves, electricity, electrical circuits, radioactivity, relativity, and atomic structure, with emphasis on developing laboratory and problem-solving skills. Lec. 3 hrs., workshop/lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: 01:640: 112 or 115. Primarily for pharmacy students, but suitable for well-prepared liberal arts majors.

01:750:171,172,173,174Topics in Physics (1.5,1.5,1.5,1.5) Physical concepts of the subject without emphasis on the mathematical details. New topics chosen from time to time. Examples: recent discoveries in astronomy and astrophysics; radioactivity; symmetry principles and elementary particle physics; relativity and space travel; waves and the basic concepts of quantum mechanics; science fiction, fact, and physics; power for the future; the physics of music; cameras and lenses; the physics of high-fidelity audio systems; semiconductors and transistors. No prerequisite. Each course lasts one-half term. Graded on a pass/fail basis.

01:750:181,182,183,184Physics Honors Seminar (3,3,3,3) Physical principles and their implications, including interdisciplinary and societal issues. Topics vary by term. Extensive writing required. Prerequisite: Enrollment in an honors program or permission of department.

01:750:193-194Physics for the Sciences (4,4) Introduction to physics with biological, ecological, and chemical applications. Selected topics in mechanics, thermodynamics, fluids, waves, electricity, magnetism, optics, and modern physics. Integrated laboratory experiments. Lec. 2 hrs., workshop 1.5 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: 01:640:112 or 115 or equivalent.

01:750:201-202Extended General Physics (5,5) Elementary but detailed analysis of fundamental topics. First term: review of mathematical skills useful for physics, vectors, kinematics, Newton`s laws including gravitation, conservation laws, fluids, thermal physics. Second term: electricity and magnetism, geometrical�and wave optics, relativity and modern physics. Lec. 2 hrs., workshop 1.5 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Corequisites: 01:640:112 or 115 (first term), 01:640:CALC1 (second term), or permission of instructor. Sequence 01:750:201-202 is an integrated program equivalent to 01:750:203-204 and 205-206. Intended for science, science teaching, and pre-health profession majors with a nontraditional background or who would benefit from additional support.

01:750:203-204General Physics (3,3) Elementary but detailed analysis of fundamental topics; motion, gravitation, momentum, energy, electromagnetism, waves, heat, kinetic theory, quantum effects, atomic and nuclear structures. Lec. 2 hrs., rec. 1 hr. Corequisites: 01:750:205-206 and any calculus course. Primarily for students in scientific curricula other than physics.

01:750:205-206General Physics Laboratory (1,1) Laboratory to complement 01:750:203-204. Corequisites: 01:750:203-204.

01:750:227Analytical Physics IIA (3) Electrostatics, particles in electric and magnetic fields, electromagnetism, circuits, Maxwell`s equations, electromagnetic radiation. Prerequisites: 01:750:123-124 or 271. Corequisite: 01: 750:229. Primarily for engineering and physics majors.

01:750:228Analytical Physics IIB (3) Waves and optics, relativity, quantum properties of electrons and photons, wave mechanics, atomic, solid state, nuclear, and elementary particle physics. Prerequisite: 01:750:227 or 204 or 272. Corequisite: 01:750:230. Primarily for engineering and physics majors.

01:750:229-230Analytical Physics II Laboratory (1,1) Laboratory to complement 01:750:227 and 228. Corequisites: 01:750:227 and 228.

01:750:271-272Honors Physics I,II (3,3) Introduction to classical physics, covering mechanics, fluids, thermodynamics, waves, electricity, magnetism, and optics. Prerequisite: Enrollment in an honors program or permission of the department. Corequisites: 01:640:CALC1 (for 271); 01:640: CALC2 (for 272).

01:750:273Honors Physics III (3) Relativity, wave and quantum properties of photons and electrons; the structure of atoms, molecules, and solids; nuclear physics; elementary particles. Prerequisites: 01:750:272, or permission of the department, and 01:640:CALC2.

01:750:275,276Classical Physics Laboratory (1,1) Experiments in classical physics. Prerequisite: Enrollment in an honors program or permission of the department. For physics majors and honors students.

01:750:296Great Ideas That Shook Physics and the World (3) Major physical discoveries in their scientific, social, and historical contexts. Topics include the discovery of the law of universal gravitation, the wave compared with corpuscular view of light, electromagnetic induction, the Second Law of Thermodynamics and the arrow of time, light as an electromagnetic wave, R�ntgen`s discovery of X rays, quantum physics, the principle of relativity, and the discovery of antimatter. Not for major credit.

01:750:301Physics of Sound (3) Scientific basis of sound: waves, vibrating systems, normal modes, Fourier analysis and synthesis, perception and measurement of sound, noise, musical instruments, room acoustics, sound recording and reproduction, electronic synthesizers, and digital sound. Prerequisites: Two terms of introductory physics and two terms of calculus. Primarily for science majors.

01:750:305Modern Optics (3) Geometrical optics; electromagnetic waves, the wave equation; superposition, interference, diffraction, polarization, and coherence; holography; multilayer films, Fresnel equations; blackbody radiation, Einstein coefficients, lasers; waveguides and fiber optics; and optical properties of materials. Prerequisites: 01:640:CALC3; 01:750:227, 228 or 272, 273 or permission of instructor.

01:750:313Modern Physics (3) Relativistic mechanics, wave and quantum properties of photons and electrons, Schr�dinger equation and its application to the structure of atoms, molecules, and solids; nuclear physics; elementary particles. Prerequisites: 01:640:CALC2; 01:750:204 or 228.

01:750:323-324Advanced General Physics (3,3) For students in the general physics program and others who wish a course beyond elementary physics. Self-paced course in which the students work independently under the guidance of the instructor. The student should normally be free to participate in at least two of the scheduled periods. Material chosen from mechanics, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, optics, quantum mechanics, relativity, atomic and nuclear physics. Prerequisites: 01:750:203-204 or permission of instructor; two terms of calculus.

01:750:326Computer-Based Experimentation and Physics Computing (4) Experiments in mechanics, electromagnetism, and modern physics, emphasizing�error analysis. Uses the computer as a laboratory tool for symbolic manipulation, data collection, data analysis, simulation, and report writing. Prerequisites: 01:750:203-204, 205-206; or equivalent.

01:750:327Modern Instrumentation (3) Theory and use of integrated circuits and their interconnection to produce measuring devices, control apparatus, and interfaces for such devices to microcomputers. Prerequisites: 01:750:203-204 and 205-206, or equivalent. Required for physics majors, but also suitable for psychology, biological sciences, and other physical science majors.

01:750:341-342Principles of Astrophysics (3,3) Properties and processes of the solar system, the stars, and the galaxies; origin of the elements; evolution of the stars and the universe; neutron stars and black holes. Prerequisites: Two terms of introductory physics and two terms of calculus.

01:750:343Observational Radio Astronomy (3) Observational study of the solar system, stars, and galaxies, using the Serin 3 meter radio telescope. Emphasizes computer techniques for data reduction and analysis. Topics may include calibrating system properties, the variability of the sun, Jupiter, quasars, and mapping the distribution of hydrogen in our Milky Way galaxy and measuring its rotation. Lec. 1.5 hrs., lab 3 hrs. Prerequisites: 01:750: 341-342 or permission of instructor. Lab schedule will vary through the term.

01:750:344Observational Optical Astronomy (3) Observational study of the solar system, stars, and galaxies, using the Serin 0.5 meter optical telescope. Emphasizes computer techniques for data reduction and analysis. Topics may include the dimensions of lunar features, planetary satellite orbits, color-magnitude diagrams for star clusters, and the structure and colors of galaxies. Lec. 1.5 hrs., lab 3 hrs. Prerequisites: 01:750: 341-342 or permission of instructor. Students must have nighttime hours free for observing.

01:750:351Thermal Physics (3) Principles of thermodynamics with physical and chemical applications: energy, entropy and temperature, the three laws of thermodynamics, cycles, open systems, critical phenomena, chemical equilibrium, ideal gas reactions, phase rule, phase diagrams, kinetic theory, and introduction to statistical mechanics. Prerequisites: 01:640:CALC3; 01:750:227 or 272 or permission of instructor.

01:750:361Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Physics (3) Introductory quantum mechanics: matter waves, uncertainty principle, stationary states and operators; the Schr�dinger equation and its solutions for simple potentials; the hydrogen atom, quantization of angular momentum, spin; complex atoms and molecules. Prerequisites: 01:640:CALC4; 01:750:228 or 273 or permission of instructor.

01:750:368Junior Seminar (1) Development of communication skills needed by professionals in physics and related fields. Oral and written reports, discussions of topics of current interest, and career options. For physics majors only.

01:750:381-382Mechanics (3,3) Intermediate treatment of Newtonian mechanics, including particle dynamics, rigid body motion, accelerated and rotating reference frames, Lagrange`s and Hamilton`s equations. Prerequisites: 01:750:124 or 271 or 323; two terms of calculus. Corequisite: 01:640:CALC3 or permission of instructor. A theoretical course, primarily for physics majors.

01:750:385-386Electromagnetism (3,3) Intermediate course for physics majors and others who wish a thorough discussion of the fundamental laws of electromagnetism; electric and magnetic fields, dielectric and magnetic materials, d.c. and a.c.�circuits, Maxwell`s equations, electromagnetic radiation. Prerequisites: 01:640:CALC3; 01:750:227 or 272 or 324 or permission of instructor.

01:750:387-388Experimental Modern Physics (3,3) Experiments in atomic, nuclear, condensed matter, and surface physics. Prerequisites: 01:750:326, 327. Corequisite: 01:750: 313 or 361 or permission of instructor. Credit not given for both 01: 750:387 and 389.

01:750:389Experimental Applied Physics (3) Experiments in classical and modern physics emphasizing techniques useful for applications. Prerequisites: 01:750:326, 327. Corequisite: 01:750: 313 or 361 or permission of instructor. Credit not given for both 01:750: 387 and 389.

01:750:397Physics of Modern Devices (3) Physical laws and principles underlying modern devices and processes; examples including motors, generators, refrigerators, vacuum tubes, transistors, radio and television receivers, computers, rockets, nuclear reactors, radiation detectors, lasers, and holograms. Prerequisites: Two terms of introductory physics and a course in calculus.

01:750:406Introductory Solid State Physics (3) Fundamental properties of metals, insulators, and semiconductors;�dielectrics, magnetism, superconductivity. Prerequisites: 01:750:361 and 386, or permission of instructor.

01:750:417Intermediate Quantum Mechanics (3) Vector space formulation, operators, eigenfuctions, bound states, angular momentum, central potentials, approximation methods, scattering. Prerequisite: 01:750:361.

01:750:418Nuclei and Particles (3) Nuclear forces and models; classification and interactions of elementary particles. Prerequisite: 01:750:361.

01:750:441. Stars and Star Formation (3) Observed properties of stars. Internal structure of stars, energy generation and transport, neutrinos, solar oscillations. Evolution of isolated and double stars, red giants, white dwarfs, variable stars, supernovae. Challenges presented by formation of stars, importance of magnetic fields. Pre-main sequence stellar evolution. Prerequisites: 01:750:361, 385-386.

01:750:442. High Energy Astrophysics and Radiative Processes (3) Radiation and scattering processes in plasma. Detection of X and gamma rays. Supernovae and remants, pulsars. Gamma-ray bursts, accretion disks, and binary star outbursts. Quasars and active galactic nuclei, cosmic rays. Prerequisites: 01:750:361, 385-386.

01:750:443Galaxies and the Milky Way (3) Properties of galaxies: photometry, kinematics, and masses. Disk galaxies: spiral patterns, bars and warps, gas content, star formation rates, chemical evolution. Elliptical galaxies: shapes. Structure of the Milky Way. Nature of dark matter. Prerequisites: 01:750:381-382, 385-386.

01:750:444. Introduction to Cosmology (3) Expansion of the universe, techniques for distance estimation. Large-scale structure of the universe. Cosmological models: open, closed, flat, and accelerating universes. Microwave background: observations, properties, and origin. Problems of standard cosmology and preliminary concept of inflation. Prerequisites: 01:750:361, 385-386.

01:750:464Mathematical Physics (3) Physical applications of linear algebra, the exterior calculus, differential forms, complexes and cohomology. Applications include Hamiltonian dynamics, normal mode analysis, Markov processes, thermodynamics, Schr�dinger`s equation, special relativity, electrostatics, magnetostatics, Maxwell`s equations, and wave equations. Prerequisite: 01:640:423 or equivalent.

01:750:487,488Special Topics in Physics (3,3) Study of selected areas in physics. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

01:750:491,492Research in Physics (BA,BA) Independent research supervised by a member of the department. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

01:750:493,494Independent Study in Physics (1-4,1-4) Independent study supervised by a member of the department. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

01:750:495,496Honors in Physics (1-4,1-4) Supervised independent reading or research in theoretical or experimental physics culminating in an essay. Prerequisite: Invitation of chairperson.

01:750:497,498. Honors in Astronomy (1-4,1-4) Supervised independent reading or research in astronomy, culminating in an essay. Prerequisite: Invitation of chairperson.