50:163:101 Introduction to Childhood Studies (D) (3) Examines various ways that childhood has been discussed, researched, and understood as a social phenomenon and social institution. Course materials are selected to illustrate how various notions of childhood and "the child" impact cultural understandings regarding the "nature" of children. Historical as well as contemporary research and perspectives are used to address such issues as changing definitions of childhood; changing age norms; the idea of children as social actors; race, gender, and social class aspects of children's experiences; children's rights and child labor and work in a global context.

50:163:240 Childhood in Global Cinema (3) This class will explore representations of children in international cinema. The course will introduce and enable the practice of analytical skills necessary to discuss cinematic form and style. Through screenings, readings, discussion, and coursework--including presentations and writing--students will consider how films produced around the world represent multiple constructions of childhood (with respect to children's experiences, challenges, and opportunities in a range of global contexts).

50:163:250 Child Health and Disparities (3) Accumulating scientific evidence indicates that many health disparities have their origins in childhood and adolescence. This practice-based course will utilize a socio-ecological approach to provide students with a solid understanding of biological, psychosocial, environmental, cultural, political, and other determinants of child and adolescent health, enabling them to conceptualize health promotion programs to reduce related disparities. Students will be expected to apply analytic tools and theoretical models to real-world child and adolescent health issues through community-based, participatory research and practice.

50:163:255 Childhood and Pediatric Medicine (3) This course will explore the relationship between childhood and pediatric medicine. Drawing upon insight and materials from science and technology studies, medical anthropology, and childhood studies, the course will challenge students to examine the creation of pediatric standards for bringing about optimal child health and development. Students also will be encouraged to focus critically on claims about the role of various caregivers in raising, and perhaps producing conceptions of, "healthy" children. This invites students to consider the many ways, both positive and negative, in which young people and their loved ones are affected by pediatric knowledge and practices.

50:163:260 Children's Rights (3) Examines children's rights from a range of theoretical, practical, historical, cultural, and global perspectives. It asks what it means to speak of children and youth as possessing rights, how children's rights challenge broader human rights, how children's rights have changed over time, what key struggles are emerging locally and internationally, how children and youth may participate in such struggles, and how children's rights face issues of cultural difference, marginalization from power, and practical implementation. Students gain a solid grounding in children's rights theory and an appreciation for the dilemmas, struggles, and possibilities of children's rights practices.

50:163:270 Childhood and Disabilities (3) This course draws from ongoing dialogues and debates in the interdisciplinary fields of disability studies and childhood studies in order to better understand how disabled children and disabled childhood(s) are discussed, researched, and understood. Students in this course will be introduced to medical and social models of disability, while exploring how childhood can be viewed as a historical, cultural, and social construction. The course will examine the way that children's disabilities intersect with other categories of identity such as gender, sexuality, race, and class. It will also consider children's disabilities across cross-cultural and global contexts.

50:163:275 Children and War (3) Examines war, armed conflict, and children from a global, multidisciplinary perspective. Students will be challenged to analyze critically the variety and often contradictory ways in which children have been implicated in, participated in, and impacted by war/armed conflict. Historical, cultural, literary, artistic, psychological, sociological, and economic approaches will be brought to bear upon pressing, recurrent problems, such as: the representation of the child as agent or victim; the diversity of children's experiences, participation, and understandings; and the question of rights and justice with regard to international, national, and local contexts.

50:163:280 Childhood and Play: Theories and Practices (3) This course examines the conceptual, social, cultural, and historical contours of children's play as approached by scholars in various fields, including psychology, disabilities studies, anthropology, and sociology. It will critically examine the diverse ways of conceptualizing the nature, scope, and impact of children's play on pedagogy and development. Course materials invite students to apply theories of play to areas of concern such as economic and educational disparities, emotional or physical challenges, and the complicated impacts of digital media technologies in both local and global contexts.

50:163:285 Childhood and Violence (3) What different kinds of violence exist and why? How does violence affect children, and how do we make sense of and respond to situations where children are victims and perpetrators of violence? How do children themselves make sense of and respond to the presence of violence in their lives? This course will consider these and related questions from the perspective of childhood studies and medical anthropology. We will read about and discuss research on a range of topics, such as (post)colonial violence; race, gender, and violence; symbolic and psychological violence; child abuse and abandonment; and medical and scientific violence.

50:163:320 History of Youth (3) Explores Americans' changing ideas about who young people were and what constituted a good childhood. The turn of the 20th century witnessed an unparalleled enthusiasm for the future of young people. From concerns for newly emancipated young slaves and Civil War orphans, to the heady dreams (and anxieties) unleashed by young people in the Age of Aquarius, the course will track the history of youth in the 20th century, asking how changing definitions of children--from "youth" to "adolescents" to "teenagers"--were influenced by social, political, and cultural change in 20th-century America.

50:163:325 Youth in a New Nation (3) Examines the lives of American young people from colonial times to the Civil War.� Course readings will include information about the participation of children and youth in such important historical events as the Salem Witch Trials, slavery, and the Civil War. The course will grapple with important questions such as what does "childhood" mean when young people are engaged in or affected by "adult" pursuits and occurrences?

50:163:330 Youth Development and Health (3) This course examines fundamentals of youth development as it relates to the health and well-being of adolescents. Students will study the biological and psychological developmental processes that occur during adolescence, analyze major health issues affecting adolescents, and recommend effective interventions to improve adolescent health. The course highlights research, theory, and practice applied in communities. Students will learn to assess a given youth development program in terms of its potential to promote positive health outcomes in adolescents and have opportunities to apply the knowledge they learn from the class into practice through community-based research.

50:163:350 Kids' Media Cultures (3) This course examines relationships between children, childhood, and the media from historical, cultural, social, political, and psychological perspectives. Radio, film, and television along with digital media and new technologies will be examined, as will certain types of print media. Coursework focuses on the ways in which media have and continue to be understood both as threatening to childhood and as liberating/empowering for children. The course will also explore extensions of kids' media culture into everyday life (e.g., clothing, food, education) and the use of media by children. Students will be expected to conduct research on a topic relevant to course materials.

50:163:351 Toy Design (3) In this class, students will study the process of contemporary toy production from initial idea through design, manufacture, marketing, and promotion. We will examine historical and contemporary examples and consider children's playthings from perspectives such as toys as intellectual property, developmental objects, and objects with the capacity to reflect, sustain, and revise cultural values. In particular, the course will consider the relationships toys bear to race, gender, class, and ability, and use digital and analog tools to imagine toys as agents of social change. For the final project, students will work in groups to design and prototype an original toy idea.

50:163:352 Developing Minds and Bodies (3) Examines the history of adults' efforts to sculpt and standardize children's development. Children are, by definition, in a constant state of becoming. Year after year, they get bigger, smarter, and more mature, while adults seem obsessed with observing, measuring, and even controlling their growth. Should little boys be given hormones just because they might grow up to be short? Can 3-year-olds legitimately be diagnosed with severe psychiatric disorders? We will ask questions about young sporting bodies (can children truly choose to devote themselves to highly competitive physical training in kindergarten?) and developing sexual bodies (should sexuality be part of elementary school curricula?). Students should be prepared to engage in thoughtful analysis of these questions, without the expectation of clear answers.

50:163:360 Children's Books and Illustration (3) Surveys poetry, prose, drama, and illustrated books for children, primarily from the Anglo-American tradition, over the 300-year history of its development. The study of children's literature constitutes a valuable field of critical inquiry important to understanding literary history, the cultural construction of childhood, the history of childhood, and the development of children's culture and visual literacy. The course will consider techniques and style in writing and illustrating books for young audiences.

50:163:361 Young Adult Literature (3) Surveys classic and contemporary examples of adolescent literature from prose, graphic novels, film, and television. The goal will be to read widely in the literature and popular culture that represents the adolescent experience particularly, but not exclusively, from the American perspective. One focus of the course will be to reflect the diversity of experiences in the adolescent population according to race, gender, ethnicity, etc.

50:163:362 Children's Literacies (3) This course considers the ways in which "literacy" has expanded beyond learning to read and write. The literate child must negotiate not only traditional textual and visual formats such as picture books, animated television programs, and novels, but also websites, hand-held devices, and film. Students will learn both the historical contextualization of children's literacy and be introduced to multimodal and transmedia texts available to--and at times created by--children and young adults, including websites, iPhone Apps, fan fiction, graphic novels, and books in order to gain a deep understanding of the multiple literacies of childhood.

50:163:370 Children and Migration (3) This course considers the unprecedented movement of children around the world in the 21st century. The movement of children around the globe may result in losses of family, friends, culture, and language and give rise to considerable challenges of adaptation and integration. Students will have the opportunity to examine the migration of children by drawing on international case studies from Europe, North and South America, Southern Africa, and the Middle East. The course will include critical examination of theories of migration and their applicability to children and issues of integration into host societies.

50:163:371 Global Childhoods (3) This course considers the 20th and 21st centuries as eras of globalization in which traditional social and familial structures are breaking down. Within this context children's experiences are infused by influences from across the globe. We will examine the extent to which children are impacted by global factors including cultural and religious diversity and hybridity, transnational families, and interethnic relationships. Salient issues will include children's identity in a globalized world, the maintenance or erosion of tradition, the impact of travel, and the impact of globalization on children's cultural worlds. The course will draw on international examples of globalization and the interrelationships between local and global factors in children's worlds.

50:163:372 Ethnographies of Childhood (3) This course uses ethnographic research to explore the contemporary lives of children in different parts of the world, including the United States. It focuses on particular themes--such as children's socialization, play, labor, schooling, adoption, and sponsorship--as well as particular populations of children, including child migrants, street children, and child soldiers. The course foregrounds ethnography as an important research method for understanding children's lives as both culturally specific and yet increasingly interconnected to the working of the state and global capital. It allows students to gain a deeper sense of how exclusionary practices around race, class, gender, sexuality, and caste affect children's lives in different countries of the world.

50:163:380 Special Topics: Childhood Studies I (3) Provides an in-depth examination of a topic or theme related to the study of children and childhood.� Topics will rotate.

50:163:381 Special Topics: Childhood Studies II (3) Provides an in-depth examination of a topic or theme related to the study of children and childhood.� Topics will rotate.

50:163:382 Urban Education (3) Explores the ways in which urban schools are created as social, cultural, economic, and political institutions. The relationship between schools and their urban environments will be explored, as well as how schools contest or perpetuate inequalities along racial, social class, ethnic, and gender lines. The course will also consider contemporary school reform movements and their contexts.

50:163:383 Youth Identities and Urban Ecology (3) Considers how urban ecologies shape the identities of youth coming of age in cities within the United States and across the world and investigates the multiple roles of youth, paying particular attention to how identities are informed by structure of race, ethnicity, class, gender, and sexuality. The contexts in which youth identities are examined include neighborhood, school, work, family, and peer groups.

50:163:384 Gender and Education (3) This course explores the relationship between gender and education, focusing primarily on the context of K-12 schooling. Through multidisciplinary social science studies, films, and biographical narratives, students consider the ways in which gender is socially constructed within schools. We explore the construction and contestation of gendered identities through multiple mechanisms including in-school social interactions, practices, policies, and structures, as well as through broader sociocultural norms. How do the media, family life, and government shape patterns of gender within schools? Also, the course will explore briefly trends in gender and higher education as well as international trends in girls' education.

50:163:386 Special Topics in Childhood Studies: Health Disparities in Children (3) Accumulating scientific evidence indicates that many health disparities have their origins in childhood and adolescence. This seminar utilizes a socioecological approach to studying the origins, distributions, and development of child and adolescent health and health care disparities. Students will examine biological, environmental, psychosocial, cultural, political, and other determinants of child and adolescent health, which will enable them to conceptualize health promotion programs and policies to reduce and eliminate related disparities. Conditions in which health and health care disparities are particularly evident among children and adolescents will also be discussed, including obesity and depression. Disparities will be discussed relative to race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender, and sexual orientation.

50:163:387 Special Topics: Childhood Studies III (3) Provides an in-depth examination of a topic or theme related to the study of children and childhood. Topics will rotate.

50:163:388 Children's Geographies (3) Introduces students to the field of children's geographies, with a focus on dynamics of space, place, and identity in childhood studies. Engaging with multiple disciplinary perspectives, the course will challenge students to look critically at taken-for-granted spaces of children's lives, such as the home, classroom, playground, and city. We will examine a range of institutions (e.g., family, schooling), practices (e.g., play, consumption), and discourses (e.g., nature, citizenship) through which the places and spaces of childhood are imagined, regulated, and experienced. A range of case studies will be used to situate the geographies of American childhoods in a broader global perspective. Particular attention will be paid to the way children actively create and navigate space in their everyday lives, as well as how children's geographies are shaped by social structures, such as gender, race, and class.

50:163:391 Observation and Assessment in Early Childhood Environments (3) This course develops the student's ability to choose and utilize appropriate early childhood assessment tools relevant to children from birth to age 8. The course will convey the connection between child and environmental assessments that promote best practice and strengthen family-program partnerships to meet the individual needs of children in a high-quality program.

50:163:392 Design a Childhood Environment (3) Provides a comprehensive overview of environments that encompass birth-to-age-8 settings to ensure early childhood professionals are able to plan and support developmentally appropriate environments and promote best practice that meet the diverse needs of children, staff, and families. Prerequisite: 50:163:391.

50:163:394 Social and Emotional Development (3) This course introduces infant/toddler mental health and the interaction processes essential to promote quality infant-toddler programs in center, family-based, and other relevant settings. The course will cover topics such as attachment, separation and loss, and separation and individual construct, as well as using observation to further enhance the child and primary caregiver relationship.

50:163:400 Directed Readings (3) This independent study course focuses on readings connected to a research project. Topics are selected to reflect research projects currently underway on the campus. Prerequisites: This course is by permission only and should only be undertaken by advanced students who have an established relationship with a faculty member who is willing to supervise the course.

50:163:460 Quantitative Research Methods in Childhood Studies (3) Provides students with the skills necessary to understand, critique, and produce quantitative information concerning children. Childhood is frequently characterized in terms of numbers, charts, correlations, and other means that rely upon the manipulation of quantitative information. Students will learn the strengths and limitations of different methods used to acquire quantitative information about children and childhood, and will also use statistical programs to analyze data and to present results of analyses in readily interpretable displays. Prerequisite: 50:830:250 or 50:960:183 or 50:960:283. An introductory statistics class is a recommended prerequisite.

50:163:480 Senior Seminar (3) Serves as the capstone course for the childhood studies major and is open to graduating seniors (in their last semester of coursework) only. Students apply the skills acquired through the interdisciplinary study of children and childhood to the analysis of a topic selected by the instructor. A major paper is required. Prerequisite: 50:163:101.

50:163:481 Child Well-Being (4) This advanced course will teach students to examine the varied dimensions of child well-being, identify impediments to child well-being, and suggest solutions to social problems related to child well-being. The course will employ an engaged learning approach in which students work directly with children to brainstorm ways to enhance child well-being in Camden. As such, students enrolled in this course should be prepared to allocate time outside of class to work with children and youth directly. Includes discussion, guest lectures, film screenings, and hands-on service learning.

50:163:491 Service Learning in Childhood Studies (3) This advanced course enables students to work directly with organizations and institutions that assist Camden's children and youth. The course consists of both classroom time and a service component in which students, under the supervision of their instructor, will volunteer within the Camden community. Although the focus of each service learning course will be children and childhood, the specific topic and service assignment of the course will rotate.

50:163:495 Advanced Research (3) This course enables students to conduct original research about children under the direction of a faculty member. Students interested in enrolling in Advanced Research must conceive of a project and approach a faculty member as a potential supervisor early in the semester prior to the one in which the research would be undertaken. Some projects may require review by the Rutgers Institutional Review Board. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: By permission only.