01:165:101,102 Elementary Chinese (4,4) Introduction to sounds, structure, and the writing system of modern Chinese (Mandarin); practice in speaking and reading.

01:165:103 Elementary Chinese Conversation (2) Guided conversation practice, and vocabulary review and enhancement. Builds on and consolidates foundation of student in elementary and intermediate Chinese; develops speaking skills. Texts and discussion topics related to college life and Chinese daily life and culture. Prerequisite: 01:165:101 or equivalent.

01:165:107,108 Basic Spoken Chinese (4,4)

Introduces the fundamentals of spoken Chinese. Focuses on pronunciation, mastery of basic spoken vocabulary, and conversational fluency. Does not teach written Chinese.

01:165:111,112 Chinese Calligraphy (2,2) Principles, techniques, and art of Chinese calligraphy; techniques of using the Chinese writing brush, writing styles, and construction of Chinese characters. No previous knowledge of Chinese necessary. For Chinese language students, recommended to be taken simultaneously with 01:165:101,102. Prerequisite: 01:165:111 for 01:165:112.

01:165:121 Beginning Chinese Reading and Writing for Mandarin Speakers (3) Development of foundation in standard Chinese orthography, grammar, and vocabulary. Practice in reading, writing, and oral skills. Credit not given for both this course and 01:165:101 or 01:165:102. Prerequisite: Speaking proficiency in Chinese.

01:165:201,202 Intermediate Chinese (4,4) Development of language skills: vocabulary building, oral proficiency, listening, and reading comprehension. Prerequisite: 01:165:102 or equivalent for 01:165:201; 01:165:201 or equivalent for 01:165:202.

01:165:205 Intermediate Chinese in China (4) Consolidation and development of elementary Chinese conversation, reading, and writing skills through immersion in a Chinese setting on-site in China. Topics and activities related to Chinese society and culture. Prerequisite: 01:165:102 or equivalent.

01:165:207,208 Intermediate Spoken Chinese (4,4) Continuing development of proficiency in modern standard Chinese (Mandarin) through Pinyin Romanization; development of speaking and oral-aural skills for students who wish to acquire a working competence in the language for communicative purposes. No instruction in reading or writing Chinese characters. Prerequisite: 01:165:108 or equivalent for 01:165:207; 01:165:207 or equivalent for 01:165:208. Not open for credit to heritage speakers of Chinese (Mandarin).

01:165:222 Intermediate Chinese Reading and Writing for Mandarin Speakers (3) Continued study of standard Chinese orthography, grammar, and vocabulary. Practice in reading, writing, and oral skills. Prerequisite: 01:165:121 or equivalent. Credit not given for both this course and 01:165:201 or 01:165:202.

01:165:301,302 Advanced Modern Chinese (3,3) Readings in a variety of literary styles with introduction to simplified characters; written and oral exercises. Prerequisite: 01:165:202 or 01:165:222 or equivalent for 01:165:301; 01:165:301 or equivalent for 01:165:302.

01:165:305 Advanced Chinese in China (4) Consolidation and development of intermediate to advanced Chinese conversation, reading, and writing skills through immersion in a Chinese setting on-site in China. Topics and activities related to Chinese society and culture. Prerequisite: 01:165:202 or 222 or equivalent.

01:165:321,322 Introduction to Classical Chinese (3,3) Grammar and analysis of classical Chinese (wen-yan or literary Chinese) and reading of basic texts in the language.
Prerequisite: 01:165:202 or 222.

01:165:361 Business Chinese (3) Fundamental principles governing commercial organizations and foreign trade in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and other Chinese-speaking regions in East Asia; practice in business correspondence. Prerequisite: 01:165:301 or 321 or equivalent.

01:165:362 Business Chinese II (3) Continuation of 01:165:361 with emphasis on practice in advanced business correspondence. Prerequisite: 01:165:361 or equivalent.

01:165:371 Contemporary Expository Chinese (3) Reading and discussion of selections from scholarly writings on history, philosophy, and political and social issues in modern Chinese prose. Analysis of structural patterns and practice in writing. Prerequisite: 01:165:301 or 321 or equivalent.

01:165:393 Guided Research in China: Global and Local (3) Guided reading, study, and analysis of a topic on China in the 21st century selected by the student and approved by the instructor. Prerequisite: 01:165:102.

01:165:401 Advanced Chinese Conversation and Composition (3) Practice of speech conversation, discussion, and composition in Mandarin Chinese; exercises in Chinese grammar and rhetoric. Prerequisite: 01:165:302 or 322 or equivalent.

01:165:402 Advanced Chinese Conversation and Composition II (3) Continuation of 01:165:401 with emphasis on composition and speechmaking in Mandarin Chinese and exercises in Chinese grammar and rhetoric. Prerequisite: 01:165:401 or equivalent.

01:165:410 Classic Chinese Novels (3) Analysis of such classic Chinese novels as San-kuo yen-i (The Romance of the Three Kingdoms), Shui-hu chuan (Water Margin), Hsi-yu-chi (Monkey), and Hung-lou meng�(Dream of the Red Chamber). Prerequisite: 01:165:302 or 322 or equivalent.

01:165:412 Chinese Poetry: Major Themes and Texts (3) Reading, analysis, and discussion of Chinese poetry in various forms from the classical period to the present. Prerequisite: 01:165:302 or 322 or equivalent.

01:165:419,420 Readings in Classical Chinese Literature (3,3) Such major literary works as Shih-ching, Mencius, Shih-chi, T'ang poetry, Sung tz'u, Yuan drama, and Ming-Ch'ing fiction. Prerequisite: 01:165:302 or 322 or equivalent.

01:165:424 The Origin and Development of Chinese Writing (3) Investigation of the early evolution of Chinese writing within the context of the beginnings of Chinese civilization. Emphasis on textual understanding of the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang period (ca. 1700 to 1100 BC). Pre- or corequisite: 01:165:302 or 322 or equivalent.

01:165:425 Chinese Dialects (3) Introduction to and description of Chinese dialects with an emphasis on their relationships, historical origins, and development from earliest evidence of diversity to present. Prerequisite: 01:165:302 or 322 or equivalent.

01:165:430 Advanced Chinese Grammar (3) Analysis and discussion of Chinese grammar. Explanation of linguistic concepts through problem-solving exercises on Chinese word formation, sentence grammar, and paragraph structure. Prerequisite: 01:165:302 or equivalent.

01:165:451,452 Readings in Modern Chinese Literature (3,3) Selections from representative literary, historical, and ideological works of modern China; emphasis on stylistic and linguistic variations. Prerequisite: 01:165:302 or 322 or equivalent.

01:165:490 Seminar in Chinese Literature and Thought (3) Readings and research on topics in Chinese literature and thought of either the classical or modern period. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

01:165:493,494 Independent Study (3,3) Supervised independent reading and study of a topic selected by the student and approved by the instructor. Prerequisites: Permission of instructor and department.

01:165:497-498 Honors in Chinese (6,6) Both semesters must be completed to receive credit.