16:300:501 Proseminar in Educational Theories and Practice (3) Examines fundamental issues in education through the reading of major theoretical texts. Explores how those issues inform current research.

16:300:503 Proseminar in Educational Research (3) Explores selected contemporary educational issues through reading research conducted from a variety of methodological perspectives. Explores assumptions through commentaries on the conduct of educational research.

16:300:509 Qualitative Research Methods in Education I: Introduction (3) Introduction to qualitative research techniques, examining their potential and limitations for investigating educational questions and issues. Topics include interviews, field notes, and observations.

16:300:511 Quantitative Research Methods in Education I: Introduction (3) Introduction to quantitative research techniques, examining their potential and limitations for investigating educational questions and issues. Topics include one- and two-sample tests of hypotheses, analysis of variance, multiple comparison procedures, regression, and effect size.

16:300:513 Qualitative Research Methods in Education II: Design and Analysis (3) Critical examination of the philosophy and techniques of qualitative methods; design of studies and analysis of qualitative data.

16:300:515 Quantitative Research Methods in Education: ANOVA (3) Critical examination of sampling distributions, analysis of variance models, planned and post hoc comparisons, trend�analysis, randomized block designs, within-subject designs, and higher-order factorials.

16:300:516 Developing a Theory of Language and Literacy Education (3) Development of theoretical perspectives on learning and teaching of the English language arts through critical examination of the works of language and literacy theorists and their personal experiences as learners. Both breadth and depth of exploration are provided through interactions and contributions of several faculty members' and students' own investigations into the work of a particular theorist.

16:300:517 Qualitative Research Methods in Education III: Educational Ethnography (3) Intensive survey and application of methods and strategies in ethnography available to educational researchers; emphasis on fieldwork employing ethnographic data-gathering techniques that involve participant observation and interview.

16:300:519 Quantitative Research Methods in Education: Regression (3) Techniques for analyzing data gathered in nonexperimental studies, including matrix algebra, multiple regression, partial and semipartial correlations, variance partitioning, dummy and effect coding, and analysis of covariance.

16:300:532 Language in Education: Sociocultural Theory (3) The role of language in thinking and social life; variation in language use across social groups and situations; the relationship between language and other aspects of human activity. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

16:300:533 Topics in Language and Literacy Education (3) Focuses on a particular dimension of theory and research in language and literacy education. Explores the full range of disciplinary approaches to study issues and problems related to a specific area of focus.

16:300:535 Foundations of Language I (3) Nature of language relevant to teachers involved with other languages and cultures. Topics include linguistic sign, design features of language, acoustics, articulatory phonetics, phonemic and morphemic analyses, word semantics, and correctness.

16:300:536 Foundations of Language II (3) Contrastive survey of formal and functional grammatical theories relevant to education. History of English, language change, comparative and historical linguistics, language, and dialect. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

16:300:541 Introduction to Economics and Education (3) Economic concepts and their application to education; topics include demand for and supply of education, measuring return on educational investment, productivity and efficiency in the educational sector, and the relationship between human capital and economic growth.

16:300:545 Educational Planning and Policy Development (3) Problem-solving and decision-making models including studies of values, goal establishment, performance objectives, measurement and assessment techniques, policy development and executive leadership, and information systems; the multicultural nature of society and the identification of people with special learning needs.

16:300:551 Evaluation of Educational and Social Programs (3) Evaluation of educational and social institutions, programs, and policies, including the social context of evaluation and the political aspects of conducting educational evaluations. Compares and contrasts evaluation and research. Hands-on data analysis and interpretation using a social policy data set. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

16:300:563 Video Data Methodology (3) Critical examination of studies that have used video data, design of new research, and techniques for analyzing video data. Maher

16:300:581 Human Development: Theory and Research (3) Classical and contemporary theories of human development. Topics include�the relations between evolution and development, nature-nurture, individual-society, and biology-culture in development. Focus on change and the processes through which change occurs over the course of the human life span.

16:300:582 Cognition and Instruction (3) Major theories of human learning, cognition, and instruction. Topics include knowledge representation, learning and instructional strategies, domains of application, and research methods used to study these topics.

16:300:591 Cognitive Development (3) Theory and research in children's intellectual development from birth through adolescence. Neo-Piagetian, information processing, and sociocultural approaches to cognition. Current research, including children's memory development, social cognition, language, problem solving, spatial thinking, and theory of mind. Implications for schooling.

16:300:595 The Psychology of Sex Differences (3) Current psychological theories of sex role development; evidence for and against sex differences throughout the life span; intellectual abilities, achievement, motivation, and behavior; dependence and aggression.

16:300:597 Language Acquisition (3) Theories of language acquisition and the functions of language for the child; topics include prelinguistic behavior, the nature of one-word utterances, the acquisition and development of early syntax and semantics, the relation of thought to language, and the development of communication and conversation skills.

16:300:600,601 Prethesis Research (BA,BA) Students engage in educational research under the supervision of faculty mentors.

16:300:621 Seminar in Literacy Education Research (3) Current research in literacy education and related areas of literacy; critical evaluation of published reports; development of mature ideas for writing a proposal, conducting research, and completing a thesis in these areas. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

16:300:641 Productivity and Efficiency in Education (3) How and where the education dollar is spent, as well as how it is raised. Definitions and measures of efficiency and productivity in primary, secondary, and postsecondary education; productivity trends in education, efficient allocation of school resources, school size and productivity, and efficiency implications of school financing methods.

16:300:643 Educational Change: Theory and Practice (3) Examination of the philosophies underlying recent educational reforms; exploration of implementation and management processes to increase the likelihood of successful outcomes.

16:300:645 Educational Policy and Policymaking: The Federal and State Levels (3) The development, implementation, and effects of federal and state education policies; examples of key policy topics as cases for the exploration of political, policy design, and implementation issues.

16:300:647 Historical Research in Educational Policy (3) U.S. historiography and the influence social science has had on historical research in general and on education in particular. Students gain experience in framing historical questions or problems and developing responses.�

16:300:661 Seminar in Mathematics Education Research (3) Students formulate one or more research questions; discuss theoretical perspectives; design a pilot study; collect data; and identify and implement a suitable framework for analysis. Prerequisite: Practicum or permission of instructor.

16:300:665 Topics in Mathematics Education (3) Selected topics in the learning and teaching of mathematics.� Prerequisites: Strong background in mathematics and permission of instructor.

16:300:681 Qualitative Analysis and Ranking Techniques (3) Systematic study of chi-square techniques for analyzing educational data. Distribution-free rank tests for independent and dependent samples, confidence intervals, and measures of association. Prerequisite: 16:300:511, 16:960:532, or 15:291:532.

16:300:683 Applied Multivariate Analysis (3) Survey of multivariate statistical procedures commonly encountered in educational research. Matrix algebra, multivariate analysis of variance, discriminant analysis, exploratory factor analysis, canonical correlations, and log-linear models. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

16:300:684 Advanced Psychometric Theory (3) Classical measurement theory, including variance decomposition into true and error components; development of the Spearman-Brown formula and Cronbach's alpha; reliability and generalizability theory; test design and equating; and comparison of multiple-choice items and performance assessments.� May include basic derivations for factor analysis and item response theory. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

16:300:685 Causal Modeling (3) Introduction to structural equation modeling including latent variables; confirmatory factor analysis; diagnosing model fit and testing alternative models; and multisample designs. Multilevel (or hierarchical) linear models as related to multisample designs (e.g., identifying hierarchical structures, random compared with fixed effects); variance components; and designs with repeated measurements. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

16:300:687 Item Response Theory (3) Introduction to item response theory (IRT), which encompasses a group of probabilistic measurement models widely used in standardized testing programs. Foundations and assumptions underlying IRT, comparison of various IRT models, application of IRT to practical testing situations, and implementation of IRT using the BILOG computer program. Prerequisites: 16:300:511, 16:960:532, or 15:291:532; and permission of instructor.

16:300:691 Cognitive and Motivational Learning Strategies (3) The theoretical and research basis for a variety of learning and motivational strategies, assessment of strategies, problems related to learning from different sources of information, individual differences in strategy use.

16:300:695 Topics in Educational Psychology (3) Provides advanced doctoral students an opportunity for advanced study of a topic of personal interest within selected areas of psychology or educational statistics and measurement. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

16:300:696 Topics in Educational Psychology (3) Provides advanced doctoral students an opportunity for advanced study of a topic of personal interest within selected areas of psychology or educational statistics and measurement. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

16:300:701,702 Research in Education (BA,BA)