16:300:501Proseminar in Educational Theories and Practice (3) Examines fundamental issues in education through the reading of major theoretical texts. Explores how those issues inform current research.

16:300:503Proseminar in Educational Research (3) Explores selected contemporary educational issues through reading research conducted from a variety of methodological perspectives. Explores assumptions through commentaries on the conduct of educational research.

16:300:509Qualitative Research Methods in Education I: Introduction (3) Introduction to qualitative research techniques, examining their potential and limitations for investigating educational questions and issues. Topics include interviews, field notes, and observations.

16:300:511Quantitative Research Methods in Education I: Introduction (3) Introduction to quantitative research techniques, examining their potential and limitations for investigating educational questions and issues. Topics include one- and two-sample tests of hypotheses, analysis of variance, multiple comparison procedures, regression, and effect size.

16:300:513Qualitative Research Methods in Education II: Design and Analysis (3) Critical examination of the philosophy and techniques of qualitative methods; design of studies and analysis of qualitative data.

16:300:515Quantitative Research Methods in Education II: ANOVA (3) Critical examination of sampling distributions, analysis of variance models, planned and post hoc comparisons, trend�analysis, randomized block designs, within-subject designs, and higher-order factorials.

16:300:516Developing a Theory of Language and Literacy Education (3) Theoretical perspectives on learning and teaching of the English language arts through critical examination of the works of language and literacy theorists and their personal experiences as learners. Both breadth and depth of exploration are provided through interactions and contributions of several faculty members and students' own investigations into the work of a particular theorist.

16:300:517Qualitative Research Methods in Education III: Educational Ethnography (3) Intensive survey and application of methods and strategies in ethnography available to educational researchers; emphasis on fieldwork employing ethnographic data-gathering techniques that involve participant observation and interview.

16:300:519Quantitative Research Methods in Education III: Regression (3) Techniques for analyzing data gathered in nonexperimental studies, including matrix algebra, multiple regression, partial and semipartial correlations, variance partitioning, dummy and effect coding, and analysis of covariance.

16:300:532Language in Education: Sociocultural Theory (3) The role of language in thinking and social life; variation in language use across social groups and situations. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

16:300:533Topics in Language and Literacy Education (3) Focuses on a particular dimension of theory and research in language and literacy education.

16:300:535Foundations of Language I (3) Topics include functional motivation of linguistic structure, linguistic sign, phonetics, phonemic and morphemic analyses, word semantics, and correctness.

16:300:536Foundations of Language II (3) Contrastive survey of formal and functional grammatical theories relevant to education. History of English, discussion of language change, and a look at comparative and historical linguistics. Examines language and dialect. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

16:300:541Introduction to Economics and Education (3) Economic concepts and their application to education; topics include demand for and supply of education, measuring return on educational investment, productivity and efficiency in the educational sector, and the relationship between human capital and economic growth.

16:300:545Educational Planning and Policy Development (3) Problem-solving and decision-making models, including studies of values, goal establishment, performance objectives, measurement and assessment techniques, policy development and executive leadership, and information systems; the multicultural nature of society; and the identification of people with special learning needs.

16:300:551Evaluation of Educational and Social Programs (3) Evaluation of educational and social institutions, programs, and policies, including the social context of evaluation and the political aspects of conducting educational evaluations. Compares and contrasts evaluation and research. Hands-on data analysis and interpretation using a social policy data set. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

16:300:563Research into the Development of Mathematical Ideas (3) A systematic study of the development of mathematical ideas in children from elementary school through high school. Includes the study and analysis of videotape recordings of children doing mathematics and accompanying data. Students endeavor in some cases to trace the development of mathematical ideas over time.

16:300:581Educational Psychology I: Theories of Development (3) Classical and contemporary theories of human development. Topics include the relations between evolution and development, nature-nurture, individual-society, and biology-culture. The processes through which change occurs over the course of the human life span.

16:300:582Educational Psychology II: Theories of Cognition and Instruction (3) Major theories of human learning, cognition, and instruction. Topics include knowledge representation, learning and instructional strategies, domains of application, and research methods.

16:300:591Cognitive Development (3) Theory and research in children's intellectual development from birth through adolescence. Neo-Piagetian, information processing, and sociocultural approaches to cognition. Current research, including children's memory development, social cognition, language, problem solving, spatial thinking, and theory of mind. Implications for schooling considered.

16:300:595The Psychology of Sex Differences (3) Current psychological theories of sex role development; evidence for and against sex differences throughout the life span; intellectual abilities, achievement, motivation, and behavior; dependence and aggression.

16:300:597Language Acquisition (3) Theories of language acquisition and the functions of language for the child; topics include prelinguistic behavior, the nature of one-word utterances, the acquisition and development of early syntax and semantics, the relation of thought to language, and the development of communication and conversation skills.

16:300:600,601Prethesis Research (BA,BA) Students engage in educational research under the supervision of faculty mentors.

16:300:621Seminar in Literacy Education Research (3) Current research in literacy education and related areas of literacy; critical evaluation of published reports; development of mature ideas for writing a proposal, conducting research, and completing a thesis in these areas. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

16:300:641Productivity and Efficiency in Education (3) How and where the education dollar is spent, as well as how it is raised. Definitions and measures of efficiency and productivity in primary, secondary, and postsecondary education; productivity trends in education, efficient allocation of school resources, school size and productivity, and efficiency implications of school- financing methods.

16:300:643Educational Change: Theory and Practice (3) Examination of the philosophies underlying recent educational reforms; exploration of implementation and management processes to increase the likelihood of successful outcomes.

16:300:645Educational Policy and Policy Making: The Federal and State Levels (3) The development, implementation, and effects of federal and state education policies; examples of key policy issues as cases for the exploration of political, policy design, and implementation issues.

16:300:647Historical Research in Educational Policy (3) U.S. historiography and the influence social science has had upon historical research in general and historical research in education in particular.

16:300:661Seminar in Mathematics Education Research (3) Formulation of one or more research question(s); discussion of their theoretical perspectives; design of a pilot study; collection of data; and identification and implementation of a suitable framework for analysis. Prerequisite: Practicum or permission of instructor.

16:300:665Topics in Mathematics Education (3) Selected topics in the learning and teaching of mathematics. Prerequisites: 16:300:561 and permission of instructor.

16:300:681Qualitative Analysis and Ranking Techniques (3) Systematic study of chi-square techniques for analyzing educational data. Distribution-free rank tests for independent and dependent samples, confidence intervals, and measures of association. Prerequisite: 16:300:511 or 16:960:532.

16:300:683Applied Multivariate Analysis (3) Survey of multivariate statistical procedures commonly encountered in educational research. Matrix algebra, multivariate analysis of variance, discriminant analysis, exploratory factor analysis, canonical correlations, and log-linear models. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

16:300:685Causal Modeling (3) Introduction to structural equation modeling, including latent variables; confirmatory factor analysis; diagnosing model fit and testing alternative models; and multisample designs. Multilevel (or hierarchical) linear models as related to multisample designs (e.g., identifying hierarchical structures, random compared with fixed effects); variance components; and designs with repeated measurements. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

16:300:687Item Response Theory (3) Introduction to item response theory (IRT), which encompasses a group of probabilistic measurement models widely used in standardized testing programs. Foundations and assumptions underlying IRT, comparison of various IRT models, application of IRT to practical testing situations, and implementation of IRT using the BILOG computer program. Prerequisites: 16:300:511 or 16:960:532 and permission of instructor.

16:300:691Cognitive and Motivational Learning Strategies (3) The theoretical basis for a variety of learning and motivational strategies, assessment of strategies, problems related to learning from different sources of information, individual differences in strategy use.

16:300:695Topics in Educational Psychology (3) Provides advanced doctoral students an opportunity for advanced study of a topic of personal interest within selected areas of psychology or educational statistics and measurement. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

16:300:696Topics in Educational Psychology (3) Provides advanced doctoral students an opportunity for advanced study of a topic of personal interest within selected areas of psychology or educational statistics and measurement. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

16:300:701,702Research in Education (BA,BA)