16:765:502(S) Advanced Plant Physiology (3) Survey of modern aspects of plant physiology with emphasis on recent literature. Topics covered include mineral nutrition, development, stress physiology, crop physiology, photosynthesis, light responses, water relations, and plant growth regulators. Prerequisites: Undergraduate plant physiology or equivalent, organic chemistry.

16:765:506(S) Electron Microscopy for Cell and Molecular Biology (3) Principles and techniques of biological electron microscopy. Use and operation of the transmission electron microscope in studying macromolecules, viruses, cells, and tissues. Pre- or corequisite: Molecular biology of cells, cell biology, or equivalent.

16:765:507(F) Plant-Water Relations (3) Whole plant and cell response to water deficits from a physio- logical perspective. Focus on agronomic plants. Topics include movement of water in the soil-plant-air continuum, water-deficit effects on transpiration, photosynthesis, osmotic adjustment, ion and nitrogen metabolism, hormones, and growth. Techniques involve thermocouple psychrometry, gas exchange, and porometry. Prerequisite: 16:765:501 or equivalent.

16:765:510(F) Advanced Plant Genetics (3) Classical and molecular genetics of higher plants, including breeding systems, linkage analysis, recombination, gene and chromosomal mutations, epigenetics, genetics-based approaches to cloning, genetic analysis of metabolic pathways, biochemical genetics of storage compounds. Dooner, Jelenkovic. Prerequisite: Undergraduate course in genetics. It is strongly recommended that students have had a course in biochemistry or molecular biology.

16:765:512(S) Angiosperm Diversity (3) Cladistics and phylogeny, vegetative structure, physiology, diversity, plant development, ecology of highly specialized angiosperms. Prerequisite: Introductory botany course.

16:765:513(S) Plant Molecular Biology (3) Fundamental and applied aspects of plant molecular biology, including isolation, structure, and regulation of nuclear and organellar genes, molecular biology of plant-microbe interactions, molecular biology of plant development, and plant biotechnology. Prerequisites: Undergraduate genetics or equivalent, organic chemistry. Course in molecular genetics or molecular biology recommended.

16:765:514(F) Plant Developmental and Cell Biology (3) Genetic and cellular aspects of plant development. Regulation of cell division and differentiation; hormones and signaling mechanisms; stress physiology and cell architecture. Prerequisites: Undergraduate courses in plant physiology, molecular biology, or cell biology; 16:680:580.

16:765:517(F) Secondary Metabolism in Plants (2) Secondary metabolism enzymes and pathways. Metabolites in economic botany, medicine, industry, and plant taxonomy. Naturally occurring pesticides. Prerequisite: 16:765:514 or equivalent.

16:765:518(S) Topics in Plant Microbe Interactions (2) Comprehensive examination of the interactions between plants and microorganisms at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels in both pathogenic and beneficial interactions. Prerequisite: General biology. Recommended: Microbiology.

16:765:520(S) Plant Biochemistry and Metabolism (3) Physiological significance of principal metabolic systems, including photosynthesis, photorespiration, sulfate and nitrate reduction, hexose metabolism; synthesis of lipids and lipid pigments, photochemical and hormonal controls, chloroplast development, and biochemistry of secondary plant products. Prerequisite: Plant physiology or equivalent.

16:765:522(F) Applied Plant Science Statistics (3) Statistical methods such as experimental design, regression, ANOVA, covariance, field plot techniques, sampling, factorial experiments, treatment comparisons, and estimates of effects.

16:765:523Genetics of Sexuality (4) Sex-determining mechanisms in selected plant and animal species; incompatibles and sterilities; developmental and evolutionary aspects. Prerequisites: Introductory genetics and cytology.

16:765:524(S) Plant Growth Regulators in Agriculture (3) Chemistry, physiology, and use of naturally occurring and synthetic plant growth substances employed in the management of horticultural and agronomic crops. Action of auxins, gibberrellins, ethylene-release agents, and growth retardants in relation to the control of rooting, flowering, fruit ripening, abscission, and the enhancement of yield. Prerequisite: 11:776:382. Recommended: 16:765:502 and 514.

16:765:525(S) Plant Mineral Nutrition (3) Role of essential nutrients in plant growth and development, with emphasis on the critical levels in plants, yield formation, and crop quality.

16:765:526(S) Fruit Ripening and Plant Senescence (3) Measurements of plant senescence manifestations, including fruit ripening.

16:765:528(F) Advanced Plant Breeding (3) Breeding, self-pollinated, cross-pollinated, and apomictic plants; role of mutation, polyploidy, and interspecific hybridization in plant improvement; inheritance of adaptive plant characters; developing and maintaining improved varieties. Prerequisite: A course in general genetics.

16:765:531(F) Principles of Plant Pathology (3) Fundamental concepts elucidating the nature, cause, diagnosis, dissemination, and control of plant diseases. Includes an overview of all plant disease agents. Lec. 3 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: Biology or microbiology.

16:765:532(S) Advanced Plant Pathology (3) Control and epidemiology of plant disease. Properties, activities, and physical considerations of fungicides and nematocides and their application and labeling. Prerequisite: 16:765:531 or equivalent.

16:765:533(F) Advanced Mycology (3) Detailed study of the filamentous and fleshy fungi, with emphasis on identification, mycological literature, reproduction, and other special topics. Lec. 2 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: General mycology or equivalent.

16:765:535(F) Plant Virology (3) Current concepts concerning the history, transmission, detection, identification, biochemistry, classification, ecology, epidemiology, and control of plant viruses. Special topics or techniques covered. Lec. 2 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: 16:765:531 or equivalent.

16:765:536Plant Disease Clinic (3) Workshop in diagnosing both pathogenic and nonpathogenic plant disorders, isolation and identification of causal organisms, and current disease control measures. Lec./lab. 6 hrs. Prerequisite: General plant pathology or equivalent. Offered only during the Summer Session.

16:765:537Plant Pathogenic Bacteria (3) Basic concepts of phytobacteriology, including diagnosis and identification of plant bacterial diseases, ecology and control of bacteria, pathogenicity, disease physiology, and molecular biology of pathogenicity factors. Lec. 2 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: General plant pathology.

16:765:538(S) Plant Pathogenesis (3) Mechanisms of pathogenesis; responses of plants to pathogens in terms of structure, function, and metabolism; disease resistance, mechanisms, and genetics of pathogenesis. Prerequisite: 16:765:531 or equivalent.

16:765:601,602Problems in Plant Biology (BA,BA) Laboratory and conference course for special problems. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

16:765:603,604Selected Topics in Plant Biology (BA,BA) Application of basic concepts of plant growth and development to the understanding of production problems and their in-depth study for selected significant topics.

16:765:609,610Seminar in Plant Biology (1,1) Advanced topics investigated and presented by students. Required of all graduate students.

16:765:699Nonthesis Study (1) For students writing their essays for a nonthesis master`s degree.

16:765:701,702Research in Plant Biology (BA,BA) For students working on an experimental research problem for their dissertation.