50:510:101 Western Civilization I (G) (R) (3) A broad view of the society we live in and the ideals we live by, starting with the ancient Near East, Greece, and Rome and continuing through the "divine right" monarchies and the revolutions of the 17th century.

50:510:102 Western Civilization II (G) (R) (3) Continuation of 50:510:101, with emphasis on the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, industrialization, socialism, imperialism, and the wars of the 20th century.

50:510:280,281 Introductory Topics in European History (G) (3,3) A theme in European history.

50:510:303 Athens: The Golden Age (G) (3) The most famous Greek city-state, its political development as well as its artistic accomplishments, during the fifth and fourth centuries BC.

50:510:304 Rome of the First Caesars (G) (3) The transformation of the Roman republic under its most famous leaders (Caesar, Cicero, Pompey, Marc Antony, and others) into the empire under Augustus and the Julio-Claudian line (Caligula and Nero among others).

50:510:305 The Fall of Rome (G) (3) The disappearance of the Roman empire during the third, fourth, and fifth centuries AD as invaders conquered the West.

50:510:311 Medieval Society (G) (3) Traces the history of Europe between 410 and 1450 AD. Characterizes the medieval period not only as an age of faith, but also as an age in which new technologies as well as religious and political ideas came to the fore and evolved. Many of the elements of modern politics and philosophy are reflected in this distant mirror.

50:510:315 The Renaissance and the Reformation (G) (3) The Renaissance as an age of both tradition and discovery, when elite urban Italians created the idea of individual achievement and the rest of Europe appropriated this notion. Also examines the effects of "humanism" on religion and on common people.

50:510:321 Absolutism and Enlightenment in France and Europe (G) (3) Traces the development of the absolutist modern state and how the Enlightenment of thought formed the ideological basis of the French Revolution. Examines how European monarchs created machines for governing and how philosophers criticized these systems and, in reaction to tyranny, developed ideas of human progress.

50:510:322 The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon (G) (3) Considered by some to be the greatest single event in human history, the French Revolution shook the world. Examines how and why this social and political explosion took place in France, how it affected the world, and why Napoleon and his warring ways were the outcome of such a cataclysmic event.

50:510:325 Europe in an Age of Revolutions: 1789 to 1914 (G) (3) Political and social ideas and movements between the outbreak of the French Revolution and the outbreak of the First World War. Emphasis on conservatism, liberalism and radicalism, nationalism, socialism and communism, feminism, and racism and militarism.

50:510:331 Europe in the Era of the Two World Wars: 1914 to 1945 (G) (3) The causes, the course, and the consequences of the two greatest cataclysms of modern times.

50:510:332 Europe since the Second World War: 1945 to the Present (G) (3) Emphasis on the Cold War, postwar rebuilding, the end of the overseas empires, and the fall of Communism.

50:510:351 Tudor and Stuart England (3) Considers religious, political, and social developments from the Protestant Reformation through the 17th century in Tudor and Stuart England.

50:510:352 Modern Britain (3) The development of the first modern society, with particular attention to the social and cultural impact of the industrial revolution�and Britain's role as a world power.

50:510:355 Modern Germany (G) (3) Political, social, and intellectual changes since the mid-19th century, with particular attention to the relationships between authority and freedom. Focuses on the years between the rise of Bismarck and the fall of Hitler.

50:510:360 Modern Italy (G) (3) From the 19th-century struggle for unification, through the dictatorship of Mussolini, up to the present.

50:510:370 Women in Modern Europe (G) (3) Exploration of the role of women in Europe from the 18th to the 20th centuries and the function of gender in history. Topics include women in the Enlightenment, in war and revolution, at work in Victorian society, in socialist movements, and the evolution of feminism.

50:510:372 Modern Jewish History (3) Examines European Jewish history chronologically from the Jewish emancipation of the 18th century through the Holocaust and rise of Israel. The class will consider the main questions that historians ask about European Jewry in the modern era: How did Jews attempt to find their way in various European states at specific historical moments? How did antisemitism affect their experiences? How did Jews try to resolve the tensions between assimilation and the preservation of their traditions?

50:510:375 Russia under the Tsars (G) (3) Survey of Russia from the advent of the Romanov dynasty through the revolution of 1905. Topics include the growth and decline of the autocratic state, the consequences of Russia's identification with the West, serfdom and the peasantry, the "parting of ways" between state and society, and the rise of a revolutionary opposition to tsarism.

50:510:376 Revolutionary and Communist Russia (G) (3) Survey of the major historical developments in Russia and the USSR since the revolution of 1905. Topics include the fall of tsarism, the Bolshevik victory, Stalinism, the consequences of revolutionary change, de-Stalinization, the "nationality question," perestroika, glasnost,�and the collapse of Soviet communism.

50:510:378 Imagining European History on Film (G) (3) European film as a historical document that illuminates key moments in 20th-century European history. Themes include the world wars, fascism and Nazism, revolutionary and oppositional movements, gender and sexuality, nationalism, decolonization, racism, and antisemitism. May be taken as part of a minor in media studies.

50:510:380,381 Special Topics in European History (G) (3,3) A theme in European history. Open to majors and nonmajors.

50:510:499 Independent Study in European History (BA) Independent�reading under the supervision of a member of the department.� Prerequisite: Permission of a faculty supervisor.