01:640:025 Elementary Algebra (E3) Operations with polynomials, rational and square root expressions, exponents, solving linear and quadratic equations, basic applications, and graphing.

01:640:026 Intermediate Algebra (E3) Absolute value equations and inequalities, radical expressions, rational exponents, quadratic equations and inequalities, introduction to functions, and topics in analytic geometry. Prerequisite: 01:640:025 or appropriate performance on the placement test in mathematics.

01:640:103 Topics in Mathematics for the Liberal Arts (3) Topics in mathematics including voting theory, apportionment, fair division, exponential growth in nature and finance, Euler circuits, Traveling Salesman Problem, and networks. An elementary course for liberal arts majors. Prerequisite: 01:640:025 or appropriate performance on the placement test in mathematics. May not be used as an elective for the math major or minor.

01:640:104 Introduction to Probability (3) Concrete introduction to probability and its applications, with some statistics. Intended for majors in social science or liberal arts disciplines. Prerequisite: 01:640:026 or 027 or placement. May not be used as an elective for the math major or minor. May not be taken for credit simultaneously with or after a student has received credit for any of the following courses: 01:640:477, 01:198:206, 01:960:379, 01:960:381, 14:332:226, 14:540:210.

01:640:106 Mathematics of Money (3) Introduction to the uses of college-level mathematics in personal finance applications, including mortgages, student loans, and leasing. Some related nonfinancial applications. May not be used as an elective for the math major or minor. Not intended for students majoring in business, economics, or STEM fields. Prerequisite: 01:640:025.

01:640:107 Number and Operation for K-8 Teaching (3) Reexamination of familiar mathematical ideas, primarily about number systems and arithmetic operations, in the context of mathematics as a whole and from the perspective of young students first learning them. Emphasis on reasoning and communication. Prerequisites: 01:640:025 or appropriate performance on the placement test in mathematics, and permission of department. For students interested in pursuing a career in elementary school teaching. May not be used as an elective for the math major or minor.

01:640:108 Problem Solving and Reasoning with Discrete Mathematics (3) Discrete mathematics as a tool for developing problem-solving and reasoning skills. Applications of vertex-edge graphs and systematic counting, which can be introduced at K-8 grade levels. For students interested in a career in teaching in elementary or middle schools. Prerequisites: 01:640:026 or 027 or appropriate performance on the placement test in mathematics, and permission of department. May not be used as an elective for the math major or minor.

01:640:109 Geometry and Measurement for Middle Grades Teaching (3) Math content course on geometry and measurement stressing depth of understanding needed for effective middle grade teaching. Justifying procedures and formulas. Multiple points of view in explanations. Geometric objects in two and three dimensions. Transformations, symmetry, congruences, similarity, scaling. Perimeter, area, volume. Error estimates in measurement. Changing units. Prerequisites: 01:640:026 or 107 or placement into 01:640:111, and permission of department. Primarily for those intending to teach in grades K-8.

01:640:110 Algebra for Middle School Teachers (3) Examines algebraic thinking in the context of middle school algebra, with emphasis on mathematical reasoning, conceptual reasoning, and communicating concepts effectively. Intended for future and current K-8 teachers. Prerequisite: 01:640:107 or permission of the department.

01:640:111-112 Precalculus I,II (2,2) Math 111: Algebraic expressions, algebraic equations, inequalities, functions, and graphing. Math 112: Exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions. Prerequisite: 01:640:026 or appropriate performance on the placement test in mathematics. Corequisites: 01:640:011 for 111; 01:640:012 for 112. These two courses cover the same material as 01:640:115, but at a slower pace. Students may not receive more than 4 normal credits for any combination of 01:640:111-112 and 115.

01:640:115 Precalculus College Mathematics (4) Algebraic expressions, algebraic equations, inequalities, functions, and graphing. Exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions. Prerequisite: 01:640:026 or appropriate performance on the placement test in mathematics. Students may not receive more than 4 normal credits for any combination of 01:640:111-112 and 115. Students who feel unprepared for this course (who have not had math for several years or whose mathematical background is weak) should consider taking 01:640:111-112, which covers the same material as 115 but at a slower pace and begins with an extensive review of intermediate algebra.

01:640:123 Preparation for Calculus I (2) Beginning after six weeks of the semester for students who start Calculus 1 and encounter serious difficulties.� Intensive review of topics in algebra and precalculus, in context of how they are used in Calculus 1. Hybrid online. Prerequisite: Placement into CALC1.

01:640:125 Methods of Mathematical Problem Solving (2) Equips students with effective methods for mathematical problem solving drawing on research into the relevent cognitive science and expert practices. Provides the scientifically-based strategic knowledge to succeed in the mathematics courses.

01:640:131 Calculus I Practicum (1) Application of algorithms studied in 01:640:135 to problems. Corequisite: 01:640:135.

01:640:135-136 Calculus I,II for the Life and Social Sciences (4,4) Primarily for majors in the social sciences, business, and pharmacy. Students in the life sciences should take 135-136 or 151-152. Students intending to take more than two semesters of calculus should take 151-152. Students should review the requirements for their intended major when choosing between 135-136 and 151-152. Prerequisite for 135: 01:640:112 or 115 or appropriate performance on the placement test in mathematics. Prerequisite for 136: CALC1. Credit restrictions: CR1, CR2.

01:640:138 Calculus II for the Biological Sciences (4) Techniques of integration, elementary differential equations and their applications to biological sciences, and an introduction to linear algebra. For students who do not intend to continue beyond 01:640:250. For biological sciences majors. Prerequisite: CALC1. Credit restriction: CR2.

01:640:151-152 Calculus I, II for Mathematical and Physical Sciences (4,4) For mathematics, physics, computer science, statistics, chemistry, or engineering majors. Techniques of integration, elementary differential equations, sequences, infinite series, Taylor series, parametric equations, polar coordinates. Students should review the requirements for their intended major when choosing between 135-136 and 151-152. Prerequisite for 151: 01:640:112 or 115 or appropriate performance on the placement test in mathematics. Prerequisite for 152: 01:640:151 or 01:640:135 with a C or better. Credit restrictions: CR1, CR2.

01:640:195,196 Seminar in Mathematics I,II (1,1) Discussion of selected topics in mathematics. For first- and second-year students. Prerequisite: Permission of department. Corequisite: Enrollment in a calculus course.

01:640:197 Topics in Mathematics for K-8 Teaching I (3) Topics covered vary. Details available at registration. Prerequisites: 01:640:026 or 027 or appropriate performance on the placement test in mathematics, and permission of the department. For students interested in a career in K-8 teaching. May not be used as an elective for the math major or minor. May be repeated for credit, with permission of the department.

01:640:198 Topics in Mathematics (3) Topics covered vary. Details available at registration. Prerequisite: 01:640:026 or 027 or appropriate performance on the placement test in mathematics, and permission of the department. May not be used as an elective for the math major or minor. May be repeated for credit, with permission of the department.

01:640:244 Differential Equations for Engineering and Physics (4) First- and second-order ordinary differential equations; introduction to linear algebra and systems of ordinary differential equations. Prerequisite: CALC3. Credit restriction: CR4. Pre- or corequisite: 01:640:247 or 01:640:250.

01:640:247 Fundamentals of Matrix Algebra (3) Basics of linear algebra; matrix operations, linear independence, inverses, determinants. Equivalent in content to the first third of 01:640:250. Prerequisite: CALC1.

01:640:250 Introductory Linear Algebra (3) Systems of linear equations, Gaussian elimination, matrices and determinants, vectors in two- and three-dimensional Euclidean space, vector spaces, introduction to eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Possible additional topics: systems of linear inequalities and systems of differential equations. Prerequisite: 640:112 or 115, or Placement.

01:640:251 Multivariable Calculus (4) Analytic geometry of three dimensions, partial derivatives, optimization techniques, multiple integrals, vectors in Euclidean space, and vector analysis. Prerequisite: CALC2. Credit restriction: CR3.

01:640:252 Elementary Differential Equations (3) First- and second-order ordinary differential equations; systems of ordinary differential equations. Prerequisites: 01:640:250 and CALC3. Credit restriction: CR4.

01:640:285 Introduction to Interest Theory for Actuarial Sciences (3) Compound interest rate theory and application to valuation of financial instruments; measurement of interest; present value; equations of value and yield rates; amortization; annuities; bond valuation; duration; immunization. Prerequisite: 01:640:251.

01:640:291 Honors Calculus III (4) Covers the same material as 01:640:251 and 252 in a more thorough and demanding fashion. Registration by special permission of department. Credit restriction: CR3. Grades of B or better are required to continue in the honors sequence.

01:640:292 Honors Calculus IV (4) First- and second-order ordinary differential equations; systems of ordinary differential equations. A more thorough and demanding alternative to 01:640:244 or 252. Prerequisite: 01:640:291 or permission of department. Pre- or corequisite: 01:640:250. Credit restrictions: CR4. Grades of B or better are required to continue in the honors sequence.

01:640:300 Introduction to Mathematical Reasoning (3) Fundamental abstract concepts common to all branches of mathematics. Special emphasis placed on ability to understand and construct rigorous proofs. Prerequisite: 01:640:250 or 01:640:251 or 01:640:291.

01:640:311 Introduction to Real Analysis I (4) Introduction to language and fundamental concepts of analysis. The real numbers, sequences, limits, continuity, and differentiation in one variable. Prerequisites: CALC4 and C or better in 01:640:300; or permission of department.

01:640:312 Introduction to Real Analysis II (3) Series of numbers and functions, integration of functions of one variable, pointwise and uniform convergence, differential calculus in several variables, implicit and inverse function theorems. Prerequisite: 01:640:311.

01:640:321 Introduction to Applied Mathematics (3) Mathematical models of mechanical vibrations, population dynamics, and traffic flow, involving ordinary differential equations�and nonlinear first-order partial differential equations. Prerequisite: CALC4.

01:640:325 Foundations of Quantum Mechanics (3) Interdisciplinary course, intended primarily for juniors and seniors majoring in mathematics, physics, or philosophy, dealing with what can be concluded from quantum mechanics about the nature of reality. Prerequisite: CALC4 or permission of instructor. Credit not given for both this course and 01:556:325.

01:640:336 Dynamical Models in Biology (3) Models for biological processes based on ordinary and partial differential equations. Topics selected from models of population growth, predator-prey dynamics, biological oscillators, reaction-diffusion systems, pattern formation, neuronal and blood flow physiology, neural networks, and biomechanics. Prerequisites: CALC4 and 01:640:250.

01:640:338 Discrete and Probabilistic Models in Biology (3) Models for biological processes based on discrete mathematics (graphs, combinatorics), probabilistic and optimization methods, Markov chains and Markov fields, Monte-Carlo simulation, maximum-likelihood estimation, entropy, and information. Applications selected from epidemiology, inheritance and genetic drift, combinatorics and sequence alignment of nucleic acids, energy optimization in protein structure prediction, and topology of biological molecules. Prerequisites: 01:640:250, 251; and either 01:198:206, 01:640:477, 01:960:381, 14:332:321, or 14:540:210. Only one of 01:640:338 and 339 may count for credit toward any math major or minor option.

01:640:339 Mathematical Models in the Social Sciences (3) Introduction to the modeling process and survey of mathematical models from such areas as economics, sociology, psychology, and urban and policy science. Models dealing with energy use, air pollution, currency transfer, transportation, bargaining, voting, auctions, ecommerce, learning, and allocation of scarce resources. Models use graphs, signed graphs, Markov chains, n-person games, consensus functions, and differential equations. Prerequisites: 01:640:250; and either 01:640:477, 01:198:206, or 01:960:381. Only one of 01:640:338 and 339 may count for credit toward any math major or minor option.

01:640:348 Cryptography (3) Applications of algebra and number theory to cryptography (encryption/decryption) and cryptanalysis (attacking encrypted messages). Topics include congruences, finite fields, finding large primes, pseudoprimes, and primality testing, as well as the Vigenere and Hill ciphers, the Data Encryption Standard, probabilistic, trapdoor attacks on encrypted messages, and public key ciphers. Prerequisites: 01:640:250; one of 01:640:300, 356, or 477; or permission of department.

01:640:350 Linear Algebra (3) Continuation of 01:640:250. Abstract vector spaces and linear transformations, inner product spaces, diagonalization, and canonical forms. Possible additional topics: systems of ordinary differential equations and numerical techniques. Prerequisites: CALC4, 01:640:250, and C or better in 01:640:300; or permission of department.

01:640:351-352 Introduction to Abstract Algebra I,II (4,3) Abstract algebraic systems, including groups, rings, fields, polynomials, and some Galois theory. Prerequisites: CALC3, 01:640:250, and C or better in 01:640:300; or permission of department.

01:640:354 Linear Optimization (3) Linear programming problems, the simplex method, duality theory, sensitivity analysis, introduction to integer programming, the transportation problem, network flows, and other applications. Prerequisite: 01:640:250. Credit not given for both this course and 01:640:453 or 01:711:453.

01:640:356 Theory of Numbers (3) Properties of the natural numbers, congruences, diophantine equations, and elementary arithmetical functions. Prerequisites: CALC3 and 01:640:300, or permission of department.

01:640:357 Topics in Applied Algebra (3) Material relevant for various applications. Topics chosen from finite Fourier and wavelet transforms for signal and image processing, coding theory, algebraic graph theory, algebraic combinatorics, and algebraic computational complexity. Details available at time of registration. Prerequisites: CALC3 and 01:640:250.

01:640:361 Set Theory (3) Introduction to set theory. The set-theoretic foundations of mathematics, including the construction of the real number system. Countable and uncountable sets, cardinal numbers, and ordinals, the axiom of choice. Prerequisites: 01:640:300 and one of 01:640:250 or CALC3, or permission of department. Credit not given for both this course and 01:730:423.

01:640:373-374 Numerical Analysis I,II (3,3) Analysis of numerical methods for the solution of linear and nonlinear equations, approximation of functions, numerical differentiation and integration, and the numerical solution of initial and boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations. Prerequisites: CALC4 and familiarity with a computer language. Credit not given for both these courses and 01:198:323, 324.

01:640:395 Studies in Mathematics (3) Topics vary from semester to semester. Details available at time of registration.

01:640:403 Introductory Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable (3) First course in the theory of a complex variable. Cauchy's integral theorem and its applications. Taylor and Laurent expansions, singularities, conformal mapping. Prerequisite: CALC4.

01:640:411-412 Mathematical Analysis I,II (3,3) Rigorous analysis of the differential and integral calculus of one and several variables. Prerequisites: Permission of department and instructor. For students preparing for graduate study in the mathematical sciences.

01:640:421 Advanced Calculus for Engineering (3) Laplace transforms, numerical solution of ordinary differential equations, Fourier series, and separation of variables method applied to the linear partial differential equations of mathematical physics (heat, wave, and Laplace's equation). Primarily for mechanical engineering majors. Prerequisite: CALC4. Credit not given for both this course and 01:640:423.

01:640:423 Elementary Partial Differential Equations (3) Linear partial differential equations of mathematical physics (heat, wave, and Laplace's equation), separation of variables, Fourier series. Prerequisite: CALC4. Credit not given for both this course and 01:640:421.

01:640:428 Graph Theory (3) Colorability, connectedness, tournaments, Eulerian and Hamiltonian paths, orientability, and other topics from the theory of finite linear graphs, with an emphasis on applications chosen from social, biological, computer science, and physical problems. Prerequisites: CALC3 and 01:640:250.

01:640:432 Introduction to Differential Geometry (3) Investigation of the properties of curves and surfaces using methods of analysis. Prerequisite: 01:640:311.

01:640:435 Geometry (3) Various geometries, including projective and non-Euclidean geometries, and geometric axiom systems. Prerequisites: CALC3, 01:640:250 and 300; or permission of department.

01:640:436 History of Mathematics until 1800 (3) Selected topics from the history of mathematics including number systems; Euclidean geometry; the development of algebra in China, India, the Islamic world, and Europe; and calculus. Prerequisites: 01:640:250 and 01:640:251. Credit not given for both this course and 01:640:437. Recommended to be taken after 01:640:435.

01:640:437 History of Mathematics (3) Selected topics from the history of mathematics including number systems; Euclidean geometry; the development of algebra in China, India, the Islamic world, and Europe; and calculus; selected modern topics. Prerequisites: 01:640:250 and 01:640:251 or 01:640:291. Recommended to be taken after Geometry. Credit not given for both this course and 01:640:436. Open only to Math (640) and Stats/Math (961) majors.

01:640:441-442 Introductory Topology I,II (3,3) Math 441: Introduction to topology with emphasis on the foundations of analysis; Euclidean spaces, metric spaces, topological spaces, and their properties; applications to analysis. Math 442: Basic concepts of algebraic topology, including the fundamental group, plane curves, homotopy, and a brief introduction to homology. Prerequisites: CALC4 and either 01:640:311 or permission of department.

01:640:451-452 Abstract Algebra I,II (3,3) Rigorous study of abstract algebraic systems including groups, rings, and fields. Prerequisites: Permission of department and instructor. For students preparing for graduate study in the mathematical sciences.

01:640:453 Theory of Linear Optimization (3) Emphasis on the theory of linear optimization. Topics include convex sets, polyhedra, Farkas lemma, canonical forms, simplex algorithm, duality theory, revised simplex method, primal-dual methods, complementary slackness theorem, maximal flows, transportation problems, and two-person game theory. Prerequisite: 01:640:250. Credit not given for both this course and 01:640:354 or 01:711:453. Cross-listed with 01:711:453.

01:640:454 Combinatorics (3) Existence and enumeration of designs and patterns such as codes, graphs, and block designs, and extremal problems related to such objects. Emphasis on applications to computer, biological, physical, and social problems. Prerequisites: CALC2 and 01:640:250.

01:640:461 Mathematical Logic (3) Intuitive and formal development of the sentential and predicate calculus. Special emphasis given to questions of consistency, completeness, and independence. Formal systems; incompleteness and undecidability; theorems of G�del. Exploration of which properties of structures can be defined in the first-order language. Prerequisites: CALC3 and either 01:640:300 or permission of department.

01:640:468 Connecting Advanced Mathematics to High School Content (3) Connects math major course content to curricular content of grades 9 through 12. Shows how advanced mathematics justifies and elucidates high school material taught without full justification. Provides connections between concepts and procedures to facilitate recall and application of content knowledge both for exposition and for response to student misconceptions. Focus on applications of reasoning, real analysis, and abstract algebra to high school topics. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. Primarily for fifth-year students in the high school mathematics certification program.

01:640:477 Mathematical Theory of Probability (3) Basic probability theory in both discrete and continuous sample spaces, combinations, random variables and their distribution functions, expectations, law of large numbers, central limit theorem. Prerequisite: CALC3. Credit not given for both this course and 01:198:206, 14:332:226, 14:332:321, 14:540:210, or 01:960:381.

01:640:478 Introduction to Stochastic Processes (3) Markov chains for discrete-time models, Poisson processes, Markov chains for continuous-time models, queueing theory, renewal processes. Prerequisites: 01:640:250 and either 01:640:477 or both 01:640:251 and 01:960:381. Credit not given for both this course and 01:640:424.

01:640:481 Mathematical Theory of Statistics (3) Fundamental principles of mathematical statistics, sampling distributions, estimation, testing hypotheses, correlation analysis, regression, analysis of variance, nonparametric methods. Prerequisites: 01:640:250 and either 01:640:477 or both 01:640:251 and 01:960:381. Credit not given for both this course and 01:960:382.

01:640:485 Introduction to Mathematical Finance (3) Study of the mathematical theory and financial concepts used to model and analyze financial derivatives. Topics include martingales, Brownian motion, and stochastic differentials, with applications to discrete and continuous time stochastic models of asset prices, option pricing, the Black-Scholes pricing model, and hedging. Prerequisites: 01:640:250, CALC4, and 01:640:477 or 01:960:381 or 14:332:226. Recommended for students interested in economics, statistics, finance, or actuarial mathematics.

01:640:486 Mathematics of Life Contingent Risk Models I (3) Survival models, life tables. Valuation of benefits, premiums, and standard single life insurance and annuity products. Covers part of the syllabus for Exam LTAM of the Society of Actuaries. Prerequisites: 01:640:285 and (01:640:477 or 01:960:381). May not be used as an elective for the math major. May be used for the math minor.

01:640:487 Mathematics of Life Contingent Risk Models II (3) Continuation of Mathematics of Life Contingent Risk Models I. Policy values, multiple state models, pension mathematics, effect of interest rate risk, emerging costs of traditional life insurance. Covers part of the syllabus for Exam LTAM of the Society of Actuaries. Prerequisite: C or better in 01:640:486. Credit not given for both this course and 01:640:478.

01:640:491,492 Undergraduate Mathematics Seminar (1,1) Reading, presentation, and discussion of mathematical topics. Prerequisite: Permission of department. Pass/no credit only.

01:640:493,494 Individual Study in Mathematics (1-3 BA,1-3 BA) Prerequisite: Permission of department.

01:640:495 Selected Topics in Mathematics (3)

01:640:496 Research in Mathematics (3)

01:640:497,498 Honors in Mathematics (3,3)

01:122:491,492 Research in Biomathematics (3,3) Research in a selected subject conducted with the supervision of a faculty member. Research proposals must receive prior approval of the director and codirector of the biomathematics program. Prerequisite: Permission of program director.