01:070:100 Introduction to Anthropology (3) Central approaches, concepts, and methods of anthropology's four subfields: archaeology and biological, cultural and linguistic anthropology. Anthropology as comparative study of human physical and cultural diversity, past and present. Provides background for students seeking a firm foundation in the discipline before moving on to higher-level courses. Does not count towards the major or minor in anthropology.

01:070:101 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology (4) History of cultural anthropology; changing theoretical and methodological approaches; fieldwork, ethnographic writing, and the culture concept; cross-cultural analyses and comparisons; complex society; local, regional, and global perspectives.

01:070:102 Introduction to Human Evolution (4) Evolutionary processes, including adaptation and speciation; fossil and archaeological records of human morphological and social-behavioral evolution.

01:070:104 Introduction to Human Evolution Honors Laboratory (1) Laboratory honors course to accompany 01:070:102. Topics include lab and field methodologies in physical anthropology, human fossil record, primate evolution, human evolutionary biology, and evolutionary theory. Prerequisite: Students must have a grade-point average of 3.4 or better or permission of instructor to enroll. Corequisite: 01:070:102.

01:070:105 Introduction to Archaeology (4) Overview of human prehistory over the past 5 million years, from origins in Africa to the spread of people first to Asia and Europe, and later to Australia and the Americas, culminating in the archaeology of colonial contact between Europe and distant lands.

01:070:108 Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology (4) Language as a social action; language and culture; language use in specific sociocultural contexts.

01:070:206 Survey of New World Prehistory (3) Focus on the major cultural traditions and adaptations from the earliest appearance of humans in the Americas through the colonial period. Prerequisite: 01:070:105.

01:070:207 Survey of Old World Prehistory (3) Focus on the major cultural traditions and adaptations from the earliest appearance of the human lineage to the establishment of literate complex societies and early civilizations. Prerequisite: 01:070:105.

01:070:208 Survey of Historical Archaeology (3) Introduction to the archaeology of historic times; the interpretation�of the past using both archaeological residues and written documents. Emphasis on Africa, Britain, and North America. Prerequisite: 01:070:105.

01:070:210 Approaches to Human Nature (3) Critique of the "cultural relativist" and "cultural constructionist" positions through a consideration of the literature on cultural universals, human ethology and sociobiology, small groups, and play.

01:070:212 Survey of the Living Primates (3) Introduction to the primate order, emphasizing the morphological and behavioral adaptations of the major groups.

01:070:213 Environment and Human Evolution (3) Analysis of influence of environment on evolution in record of human ancestry. Morphological and physiological adaptations of humans in reaction to environmental controls.

01:070:215 Survey of Fossil Primates (3) Outline of primate evolution; origin of primates and primate relatives; description and paleoecology of fossil species, including Paleocene and Eocene species, Malagasy lemurs, first higher primates, New World and Old World monkeys, and Miocene apes; hominid origins.

01:070:216 Anthropology and Modern Problems (3) Selected topics including conflict of productive and reproductive systems, location and nature of social power, roles of symbolism and zealotry in defining group boundaries.

01:070:220 Food and Culture (3) Culinary customs studied cross-culturally. Food in relation to sex, kinship, politics, economics, and religion. Visual, olfactory, textural, and gastronomic food preferences. Values and nutrition. World nutritional systems.

01:070:222 Anthropology of Sexuality and Eroticism (3) Anthropological approaches to human sexuality, including social evolutionary, ethnographic, cross-cultural, sociobiological, cultural constructionist, and postcolonial.

01:070:223 Anthropology of Latin America (3) Overview of the diverse societies of Latin America from an anthropological perspective.� Explores cultural, economic, political, and religious aspects of life in the region; urbanization and urban life; migration and transnationalism; indigenous peoples and their role in recent political transformations in the region; the war on drugs.

01:070:225 Women in an Anthropological Perspective (3) Women in evolutionary and cross-cultural perspectives. Economic, public, and domestic roles; social status; gender and sexuality.

01:070:238 Anthropology of Europe (3) European societies and cultures in modern history; changing anthropological perspectives. Gender, ethnicity, and class. Representations and realities of Europe in the making, including issues of nation-building, colonialism, mass culture, and violence.

01:070:240 Introduction to Molecular Evolutionary Anthropology (3) Demonstrates how genetic data are used in biological anthropology to address major questions of human and primate evolution, including origins, patterns of migration and dispersal, characteristics of genome organization, and evidence of molecular adaptations and selection. Prerequisites: 01:070:102 or 212.

01:070:244 Anthropology of South Asia (3) "Traditional" south Asia, emphasizing "Hindus"; contemporary reconstructions and contestations. Sexuality, gender, family, village, caste, religion; regional and national identities; class, urban south Asia, contemporary pop culture; and the diaspora. Credit not given for both this course and 01:925:244.

01:070:246 Anthropology of Southeast Asia (3) Peoples of Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Singapore, indigenous and immigrant. Relative gender egalitarianism in relation to various subsistence types and religious systems. Intercultural relations in multiethnic societies.

01:070:248 Anthropology of China (3) Chinese society and culture before and after 1949. Socialism and reform. Issues of gender, ethnicity, popular culture, ecology, and population. Internal diversity; China in a world context. No knowledge of Chinese required.

01:070:250 Anthropology of the Contemporary United States (3) Older characterizations and analyses of "American" culture; current constructions and contestations of U.S. national, regional, and local culture(s). Ethnographic descriptions and analyses.

01:070:291,292,293,294 Topics in Anthropology (1.5,1.5,1.5,1.5) Seven-week courses; may be taken consecutively or separately. Topics vary with semester and instructor.

01:070:301 Psychological Anthropology (3) Relation between social and cultural systems and psychological processes in different groups. Identity, perception, and motivational�patterns. Cultural construction of psychology in other cultures. Prerequisite: 01:070:101 or 01:830:101.

01:070:302 Environment and Cultural Behavior (3) Relationships between cultural and environmental phenomena; how the relationships are studied and explained. Readings deal with culture and environment in Asia, Africa, the Americas, Europe, and Oceania. Prerequisite: 01:070:101 or permission of instructor.

01:070:303 Wealth and Culture (3) Introduction to economic anthropology. Cultural notions of wealth in the United States, Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Europe. Anthropological perspectives on economic inequality,�individualism, rationality, moral economy, exchange, consumption, production, and globalization.

01:070:304 Political Anthropology (3) Comparative analysis of political systems and practices. Emergent anthropological theories of power, violence, and patterns of domination. Relation of culture to power and political practice. Politics in local and global contexts. Prerequisite: 01:070:101; one other course in cultural anthropology recommended.

01:070:305 Anthropology of Development (3) Anthropological theories of and approaches to social, cultural, and economic development. Use of concepts such as "culture" and "social change" in construction of development paradigms and policies; role of anthropologists as practitioners, consultants, and critics in development projects; relation of "development" to lived experience of people being "developed." Prerequisite: 01:070:101.

01:070:307 Medical Anthropology (3) Cultural diversity and similarity in the interpretation of health, illness, and death. Preventive and therapeutic medicine. Premodern and modern populations. Interaction between western and other medical systems. Prerequisite: 01:070:101.

01:070:308 Anthropology of Religion (3) Cross-cultural comparison of religious concepts, roles, and practices. The analysis of religious symbolism. Sociopolitical and economic concomitants. Prerequisite: 01:070:101 or permission of instructor.

01:070:309 Visual Anthropology (3) Use of film, videotape, still photography, and painting as media of anthropological analysis. Prerequisite: 01:070:101.

01:070:310 Human Aggression (3) Roots and circumstance of human aggressive behavior. Interplay of phylogenetic and cultural variables. Relevance of ethnological and paleontological data to modern forms of personal violence and warfare. Not open to first-year students.

01:070:311 History of Anthropology (3) Development of contemporary professional western anthropology from 18th- and 19th-century roots to modern schools of thought. Prerequisite: 3 credits in anthropology or permission of instructor.

01:070:312 Language and Social Diversity (3) Language and communication in social life. Class, ethnic, and sex-role differences in language use. Bilingualism and linguistic diversity studied cross-culturally. Prerequisite: 01:070:101 or permission of instructor.

01:070:313 Culture, Language, and Cognition (3) Cross-cultural study of human thought. Influence of language on culture and cognition. Universals in language and culture. Implications for ethnography and communication. Prerequisite: 01:070:101 or permission of instructor.

01:070:317 Method and Analysis in Cultural Anthropology (3) Designing and implementing research projects: formulating problems; selecting methodologies; methods of collecting, constructing, and analyzing qualitative, quantitative, and textual data (emphasis on computer-based techniques). Training in participant-observation, census and questionnaire construction and coding, interview techniques, and narrative analysis. Prerequisite: 01:070:101 or permission of instructor.

01:070:318 Reading Ethnographic Writing (3) Exemplary fieldwork-based monographs in cultural anthropology, with an emphasis on most recent ones. Ethnography as text; ethnography as cultural description, inscription, interpretation, and criticism; ethnography as theory-laden versus ethnography as data for theorizing. Prerequisite: 01:070:101 or permission of instructor.

01:070:319 Anthropology and Human Rights (3) Anthropological perspective on human rights; explores how this idea is deployed and negotiated by nation-states, transnational bodies, and localized groups in a variety of different contexts around the world today.

01:070:320 Diaspora, Multiculturalism, and Ethnicity in the United States (3) Theory and ethnography of recent immigrations; community, identity construction; class, race, gender, and age; local, national, and transnational factors; various case studies. Prerequisite: 01:070:101 or permission of instructor.

01:070:323 Women Writing Culture (3) How gender, power, and difference shape the writings of women ethnographers. Interpretation, analysis, authority, intellectual representation, and creativity; life experiences and ethnography. Prerequisite: 01:070:101. Credit not given for both this course and 01:988:323.

01:070:325 Evolution and Culture (3) Examination of current research on the relationship between evolutionary biology and culture. Topics include animal culture studies, cultural transmission theory, gene-culture coevolution, and the application of signaling theory to human cultural phenomena. Prerequisite: 01:070:204 or permission of instructor.

01:070:326 Pleistocene Hominid Adaptations (3) Cultural and biological aspects of hominid evolution during the Pleistocene. Prerequisites: 01:070:102, 105 or permission of instructor.

01:070:327 Post-Pleistocene Hominid Adaptations (3) African, Asian, and European cultural developments after the Pleistocene, including origins of farming, village life, and complex society. Prerequisite: 01:070:105 or permission of instructor.

01:070:330 Archaeology of Australasia (3) Prehistory of Australasia in its worldwide perspective, with special reference to Asian origins, impact of human colonization, and interpretative models based on modern aboriginal hunter-gatherer behavior. Prerequisite: 01:070:105.

01:070:332 North American Archaeology (3) Prehistory of North America from the appearance of humans on the continent to European discovery. Varieties of adaptation, cultural interrelationships, developmental trends. Prerequisite: 01:070:105.

01:070:333 Colonial Archaeology (3) Archaeology of post-Colombian European colonial spread worldwide, with particular reference to North America and Africa. Strong focus on practical laboratory work, specifically analysis of colonial artifacts, including ceramics, glass, pipes, and fauna. Prerequisites: 01:070:105, 208.

01:070:334 Field Study in Archaeology (6) Supervised participation in fieldwork with instruction in excavation�methods and practice. Personnel and field project location vary from year to year. Fees: tuition, transportation to site, room and board. Prerequisite: 01:070:105; open to juniors and seniors only. Minimum of 6 to 10 weeks at field location. Course may be repeated with permission of department.

01:070:335 Analysis of Archaeological Data (3) Processing and analysis of new archaeological data from supervised�field programs; metrical, physical, and statistical analysis may be utilized on various classes of material. Prerequisites: 01:070:105, 334.

01:070:338 Anthropology of Africa (3) Precolonial, colonial, and postcolonial African cultures and societies. Gender, ethnicity, and class. Representations and realities of Africa in a global context, including issues of development, conservation, and tourism. Popular culture and contemporary rural and urban experiences. Prerequisite: One introductory course in social science or permission of instructor. Credit not given for both this course and 01:016:337.

01:070:348 Primate Socioecology (3) Principles and data of primate ecology. Feeding and ranging behaviors. Niche separation and ecological functioning of primate social groups. Prerequisites: 01:070:102, 212 or permission of instructor.

01:070:349 Advanced Physical Anthropology (3) Advanced evolutionary theory. Biochemical and genetic approaches. Primate morphology and behavior. Modern theories of human variability. Prerequisite: 01:070:102 or permission of instructor.

01:070:350 Primatology and Human Evolution (3) Anatomy, behavior, and evolution of primates. Evolution of social life. Sexual behavior, dominance, aggression, territoriality, social alliances, communication, and ecology.
Pre- or corequisites: 01:070:212 or 01:070:215 or permission of instructor.

01:070:354 Functional and Developmental Anatomy of the Primate Skeleton (3) Morphology and function of the human/primate skeleton, integrating developmental bone biology, functional morphology and biomechanics, and descriptive musculoskeletal anatomy. Prerequisite: 01:070:102.

01:070:355 Laboratory in Skeletal Biology of Primates (1) Examination of human skeletal and dental anatomy in comparison to closely related primates and casts of fossil hominids. Emphasis on identification of human bone fragments and teeth. Pre- or corequisite: 01:070:354.

01:070:356 Human Variation (3) History of the concept of race in the West. Physical anthropological perspective, with emphases on human variation through time and on the principles of study of modern human variability. Prerequisite: 01:070:102 or permission of instructor.

01:070:358 Introduction to Human Osteology (3) Intensive introduction to human osteology, bone biology and growth, and paleopathology. Basis for advanced work in paleoanthropology, forensic anthropology, bioarchaeology, and osteometry. Prerequisite: 01:070:102 or equivalent. Permission of instructor required. Corequisite: 01:070:359.

01:070:359 Human Osteology Laboratory (3) Accompanies 01:070:358. Intensive practical training in osteology lab identification and analysis techniques. Prerequisite: 01:070:102 or equivalent. Permission of instructor required. Corequisite: 01:070:358.

01:070:360 Families (3) Traditional family types and organization studied cross-culturally. Modern western family and alternatives: utopian communities, "intentional" communities. Prerequisite: 01:070:101.

01:070:361 Hunters and Gatherers (3) Consideration of data from aboriginal Australia, the Southern African bushmen, and elsewhere, in light of social theory, including�gender studies. Prerequisite: 01:070:101 or permission of instructor.

01:070:364 Sex Roles and Social Structure (3) Sexual differences in primates; implications for social, economic, and political relationships in contemporary society. Cross-cultural comparison. Adaptive and maladaptive features of sociosexual patterns. Prerequisite: 01:070:102 or permission of instructor.

01:070:368 Anthropology of Mass Media (3) Mass media and culture. The impact of mass media on the production and consumption of cultural identities. Inquiry into representations of gender, sexuality, the body, ethnicity, race, and nationhood in mass media discourse. The mass media in a postcolonial, global, and transnational context. Pre- or corequisite: 01:070:101 or permission of instructor.

01:070:371 The Politics of Culture (3) Politics of cultural processes. Race, gender, ethnicity, and sexuality in representations. Theories of cultural production, domination, distribution, and consumption. Resistance and nonmainstream culture; ethnographic examples of ideology, economy, and global cultural flows. Prerequisite: 01:070:101.

01:070:372 Anthropology of the Body (3) Body in history and society. Comparative approaches to cultural construction of bodies. Impact of gender, sexuality, ethno-national, racial, and class differences on body practices. Formation of normative discourses on the body in medical science, consumer culture, and mass media. Prerequisite: 01:070:101. Recommended: an additional course in cultural anthropology.

01:070:374 Localities and Global Systems (3) Interaction of transnational and local processes through case studies and theory. Political economy, world systems, and cultural imperialism. Global culture and media. Intercultural representation and stereotyping. Diaspora, transnational movements, and nation-state. Prerequisite: 01:070:101. Recommended: an additional course in cultural anthropology.

01:070:376 Power and Difference (3) Emergent theories of inequality. Social constructions of difference. Topics challenging conventional notions of cultural anthropology--identity, representation, discrimination, exclusion, marginalization, contestation, and resistance. Prerequisite: 1:070:101. Recommended: two additional courses in cultural anthropology. Intended for majors.

01:070:378 The Anthropology of Gender (3) Gender as an analytic category; exchange, production, reproduction, binarism, representation. Intersections of gender with class, race, and ethnicity. Theoretical and ethnographic readings. Prerequisite: 01:070:101 or permission of instructor. Credit not given for both this course and 01:016:379 or 01:988:378.

01:070:379 Gender and Power in Africa (3) Experiences and expressions of gender in historical and contemporary Africa emphasizing issues of diversity and commonality, modalities of power, and articulation with other forms of difference, such as ethnicity, class, and nationality. Credit not given for both this course and 01:988:379.

01:070:380 Culture, Memory, History (3) Anthropological approaches to history and memory. Theory, method; comparative study of remembering, forgetting, commemorating, narrating, ritualizing, and structuring time. Early, contemporary scholarship; political economy, identity, authority, representation in shaping cultural memory, and historical constructions. Prerequisite: 01:070:101 or course in sociology or history approved by instructor.

01:070:389 Ethnography of Gender in South Asia (3) An explanation of gendered practices in South Asia. Ethnographies from Hindu, Buddhist, and Muslim communities explore the various aspects of gender in particular South Asian contexts. Credit not given for both this course and 01:925:389 or 01:988:389.

01:070:390 Plio-Pleistocene Hominid Anatomy (3) Human fossil record during Plio-Pleistocene; taxonomy, phylogenetics, and functional morphology. Origins of Hominidae, diversity in Australopithecus and Paranthropus, rise of Homo and of Homo sapiens. Castes and published reports; methods of inference. Prerequisite: 01:070:102.

01:070:391 Lithic Analysis in Archaeology (3) Archaeological study of how stone tools were made and used. Consideration of manufacturing technology, use and wear, experimental replication, and their implications for archaeological interpretation. Prerequisite: 01:070:105.

01:070:392 Faunal Analysis in Archaeology (3) Identification of animal bones, teeth, and other faunal remains in archaeological contexts. Quantifying number of individuals and skeletal elements; butchery techniques and bone modification and their implications for archaeological interpretation. Prerequisite: 01:070:105.

01:070:393 Cultural Resource Management (3) Legal, administrative, executive, and practical aspects of the theory and practice of cultural resource management, with emphasis on archaeological resources. One field trip. Prerequisite: 01:070:105.

01:070:394 Microstratigraphic Analysis in Archaeology (3) Field and laboratory studies of geological context in archaeological sites. Data collection and sampling, sediment analysis, and reporting.�Interpretation of depositional and postdepositional features. Recommended: 01:460:340 (may be concurrently enrolled). Credit not given for both this course and 01:460:394.

01:070:395 Quantification of Archaeological Data (3) Data analysis, coding schemes, data management, and the application of statistical techniques to problems in archaeology. Emphasis on creating, maintaining, and using computer files of archaeological data. Prerequisite: 01:070:105.

01:070:401 Theories in Cultural Anthropology (3) Analysis and comparison of the major contemporary theoretical approaches in cultural anthropology. Prerequisite: 6 credits in anthropology or permission of instructor.

01:070:402 Theories in Physical Anthropology (3) Intensive study of major figures in physical anthropological thought. Origins and spread of new ideas; methods of study of humans and nonhuman primates. Prerequisite: 01:070:102 or permission of instructor.

01:070:404 Advanced Seminar in Archaeology (3) Selected topics and problems in archaeology. Prerequisite: 01:070:105. Open only to juniors and seniors.

01:070:406 Rights and Wrongs of Indigenous Peoples (3) History, agendas, and local-global dynamics of indigenous peoples and the indigenous rights movement in several regions of the world. Prerequisites: 01:070:101 and 6 credits in anthropology or permission of instructor.

01:070:410 Explanation in Anthropology (3) Analysis of anthropologists' explanations, with consideration of such topics as the explanatory use of generalizations, models, narratives, culture-specific categories, and causal, functionalist, and essentialist claims. Prerequisite: 01:070:101 or permission of instructor.

01:070:412 Topics in African Prehistory and Paleoanthropology (3) Focused consideration of current research and explanatory theory, on topics ranging from hominid origins to Holocene adaptations in Africa. Prerequisite: 01:070:326 or 327 or permission of instructor.

01:070:414 Topics in European Prehistory and Paleoanthropology (3) Focused consideration of current research and explanatory theory, on topics ranging from initial human colonization of Europe to Holocene adaptations in Europe. Prerequisite: 01:070:326 or 327 or permission of instructor.

01:070:420 Evolutionary Genetics: Humans and Other Primates (3) Analysis of molecular evolution of human and primate genomes, genetic and phenotypic evolution, the genetic basis of being human, and primate phylogeny. Prerequisites: 01:447:380 and 01:070:102 or 212 or permission of instructor. Credit not given for both this course and 01:447:420.

01:070:426 South African Archaeology (3) Archaeology, ecology, and historical archaeology of South Africa. Covers two million years, early hominids to colonial contact. Prerequisites: 01:070:102 and 105 or permission of instructor.

01:070:486 Gender, Development, Environment: Policies, Politics, Perspectives (3) Using ethnography and gender as a category of analysis, examines the experiences and implications of transnational development and environmental policies in specific localities. Prerequisite: 01:988:101, 201, 202, 235, or permission of instructor. Credit not given for both this course and 01:988:486.

01:070:495,496 Independent Study in Anthropology (BA,BA) Supervised study or research on selected anthropological topics. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

01:070:497,498 Honors in Anthropology (3,3) Two-semester supervised project, usually resulting in a thesis, for qualified seniors. Prerequisites: Senior standing and acceptance into departmental honors program.