01:750:106 Concepts of Physics for Humanities and Social Science Students (3) Concepts of physics and astronomy in their scientific, social, historical, and current technological context, with no mathematical problem solving. How the physical universe works, from mechanics and the solar system to relativity, quantum behavior, and the big bang. Contributions of scientists from Aristotle, Galileo, and Newton through Einstein, Bohr, and up to the present time.

01:750:109,110 Astronomy and Cosmology (3,3) Predominantly descriptive introduction to current ideas concerning the nature and origin of the earth, the solar system, the galaxy, and the universe; neutron stars and black holes; the big-bang; the possibility of life outside the earth. 109: Development of our understanding of the solar system from the time of the Greeks to the present day. 110: Current understanding of stars, galaxies, and the universe. For nonscience majors. No prerequisite. May not be taken for major credit. Courses are independent and may be taken in either order or concurrently.

01:750:115-116 Extended Analytical Physics I (3,3) Together with 01:750:227, 228 forms a thorough introductory sequence. First semester: graphs, orders of magnitude, units, dimensions, errors and precision, review of mathematics useful to physics, kinematics, vectors, force, and Newton's laws. Second semester: energy, momentum, rotational motion, oscillations, liquids, and thermal physics, including the laws of thermodynamics and the kinetic theory of gases. Lec. 2 hrs., workshop 3 hrs. Corequisites: 01:640:112 or 115 (first semester), 01:640:CALC1 (second semester). Sequence 01:750:115-116 is equivalent to 01:750:123-124, if both 01:750:115 and 116 are taken. Intended for engineering students who need extra help in preparing for 01:750:227, 228.

01:750:120 Analyzing the X-Ray Universe (3) Astrophysical analysis of stellar properties and evolution; hands-on techniques for understanding cosmic x-ray sources, utilizing NASA data archives. Online course.
Prerequisite: 01:640:112 or higher or placement.

01:750:123-124 Analytical Physics I (2,2) Forms a thorough introductory sequence together with 01:750:227, 228.�Kinematics, dynamics, energy, momentum, angular momentum, heat, and kinetic theory. Honors version 123H with separate lecture and recitations available for students enrolled in an honors program. Lec. 1 hr., rec. 1 hr. Corequisites: 01:640:151-152. Primarily for engineering and physics majors. This course should be followed by 01:750:227, 228 (or 204 if changing major).

01:750:140 The Greenhouse Effect (3) Physical and chemical bases of the "greenhouse effect" and its global impact: biological, climatic, economic, and political. Reducing the emission of "greenhouse" gases; nuclear energy, and other alternative energy sources. For nonscience majors; may not be taken for major credit in science and engineering. Credit not given for both this course and 01:160:140, 01:450:140, or 01:556:140.

01:750:161 Elements of Physics (4) Survey of major topics in physics, such as motion, fluids, waves, electricity, electrical circuits, radioactivity, relativity, and atomic structure, with emphasis on developing laboratory and problem-solving skills. Lec. 3 hrs., workshop/lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: 01:640:112 or 115. Primarily for pharmacy students, but suitable for well-prepared liberal arts majors.

01:750:193-194 Physics for the Sciences (4,4) Introduction to physics with biological, ecological, and chemical applications. Selected topics in mechanics, thermodynamics, fluids, waves, electricity, magnetism, optics, and modern physics. Integrated laboratory experiments. Lec. 2 hrs., workshop 1.5 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: 01:640:112 or 115 or equivalent.

01:750:201-202 Extended General Physics (5,5) Elementary but detailed analysis of fundamental topics. First semester: review of mathematical skills useful for physics, vectors, kinematics; Newton's laws including gravitation, conservation laws, fluids, thermal physics. Second semester: electricity and magnetism, geometrical�and wave optics, relativity and modern physics. Two 80-min. lecs., one 80-min. workshop, lab. 3 hrs. Corequisites: 01:640:112 or 115 (first semester), 01:640:CALC1 (second semester), or permission of instructor. Sequence 01:750:201-202 is an integrated program equivalent to 01:750:203-204 and 205-206. Intended for science, science teaching, and prehealth profession majors with a nontraditional background or who would benefit from additional support.

01:750:203-204 General Physics (3,3) Elementary but detailed analysis of fundamental topics: motion, gravitation, momentum, energy, electromagnetism, waves, heat, kinetic theory, quantum effects, and atomic and nuclear structures. Lec. 2 hrs., rec. 1 hr. Corequisites: 01:750:205-206 and any calculus course. Primarily for students in scientific curricula other than physics.

01:750:205-206 General Physics Laboratory (1,1) Laboratory to complement 01:750:203-204. Corequisites: 01:750:203-204.

01:750:227 Analytical Physics IIA (3) Electrostatics, particles in electric and magnetic fields, electromagnetism, circuits, Maxwell's equations, electromagnetic radiation. Prerequisites: 01:750:123-124 or 271 and 01:640:CALC2. Corequisite: 01:750:229. Primarily for engineering and physics majors.

01:750:228 Analytical Physics IIB (3) Waves and optics, relativity, quantum properties of electrons and photons, wave mechanics, atomic, solid state, nuclear, and elementary particle physics. Prerequisite: 01:750:227 or 204 or 272. Corequisite: 01:750:230. Primarily for engineering and physics majors.

01:750:229-230 Analytical Physics II Laboratory (1,1) Laboratory to complement 01:750:227 and 228. Corequisites: 01:750:227 and 228.

01:750:271-272 Honors Physics I,II (3,3) Introduction to classical physics, covering mechanics, fluids, thermodynamics, waves, electricity, magnetism, and optics. Prerequisites: Enrollment in an honors program or permission of department; 01:640:CALC1 (for 271); 01:640:CALC2 (for 272).

01:750:273 Honors Physics III (3) Relativity, wave, and quantum properties of photons and electrons; the structure of atoms, molecules, and solids; nuclear physics; elementary particles. Prerequisites: 01:750:272, or permission of department and 01:640:CALC2.

01:750:275,276 Classical Physics Laboratory (1,1) Experiments in classical physics. Prerequisite: Enrollment in an honors program or permission of department. For physics majors and honors students.

01:750:301 Physics of Sound (3) Scientific basis of sound: waves, vibrating systems, normal modes, Fourier analysis and synthesis, perception and measurement of sound, noise, musical instruments, room acoustics, sound recording and reproduction, electronic synthesizers, and digital sound.
Prerequisites: Two semesters of introductory physics and two semesters of calculus. Primarily for science majors.

01:750:305 Modern Optics (3) Geometrical optics; electromagnetic waves and the wave equation; superposition, interference, diffraction, polarization, and coherence; holography; multilayer films, Fresnel equations; blackbody radiation, Einstein coefficients, and lasers; waveguides and fiber optics; and optical properties of materials. Prerequisites: 01:640:CALC3; 01:750:227, 228 or 272, 273; or permission of instructor.

01:750:313 Modern Physics (3) Relativistic mechanics, wave and quantum properties of photons and electrons; Schr�dinger equation and its application to the structure of atoms, molecules, and solids; nuclear physics; elementary particles. Prerequisites: 01:640:CALC2; 01:750:204 or 228.

01:750:323-324 Advanced General Physics (3,3) For students in the general physics program and others who wish a course beyond elementary physics. Self-paced course in which the students work independently under the guidance of the instructor. The student should normally be free to participate in at least two of the scheduled periods. Material chosen from mechanics, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, optics, quantum mechanics, relativity, atomic and nuclear physics. Prerequisites: 01:750:203-204 or permission of instructor; two semesters of calculus.

01:750:326 Computer-Based Experimentation and Physics Computing (4) Experiments in mechanics, electromagnetism, and modern physics, emphasizing�error analysis. Uses the computer as a laboratory tool for symbolic manipulation, data collection, data analysis, simulation, and report writing. Prerequisites: 01:750:203-204, 205-206, or equivalent.

01:750:327 Modern Instrumentation (3) Theory and use of integrated circuits and their interconnection to produce measuring devices, control apparatus, and interfaces for such devices to microcomputers. Prerequisites: 01:750:203-204 and 205-206, or equivalent. Required for physics majors, but also suitable for psychology, biological sciences, and other physical science majors.

01:750:341,342 Principles of Astrophysics (3,3) Properties and processes of the solar system, the stars, and the galaxies; origin of the elements; evolution of the stars and the universe; neutron stars and black holes. Prerequisites: Two semesters of introductory physics and two semesters of calculus.

01:750:343 Observational Radio Astronomy (3) Observational study of the solar system, stars, and galaxies, using the Serin 3-meter radio telescope. Emphasizes computer techniques for data reduction and analysis. Topics may include calibrating system properties, the variability of the sun, Jupiter, quasars, and mapping the distribution of hydrogen in our Milky Way galaxy and measuring its rotation. Lec. 1.5 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisites: 01:750:341,342 or permission of instructor. Lab schedule will vary through the semester. Credit not given for both this course and 01:105:343.

01:750:344 Observational Optical Astronomy (3) Observational study of the solar system, stars, and galaxies, using the Serin 0.5-meter optical telescope. Emphasizes computer techniques for data reduction and analysis. Topics may include the dimensions of lunar features, planetary satellite orbits, color-magnitude diagrams for star clusters, and the structure and colors of galaxies. Lec. 1.5 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisites: 01:750:341,342 or permission of instructor. Students must have nighttime hours free for observing. Credit not given for both this course and 01:105:344.

01:750:351 Thermal Physics (3) Principles of thermodynamics with physical and chemical applications: energy, entropy and temperature, the three laws of thermodynamics, cycles, open systems, critical phenomena, chemical equilibrium, ideal gas reactions, phase rule, phase diagrams, kinetic theory, and introduction to statistical mechanics. Prerequisites: 01:640:CALC3; 01:750:227 or 272; or permission of instructor.

01:750:361 Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Physics (3) Introductory quantum mechanics: matter waves, uncertainty principle, stationary states and operators; the Schr�dinger equation and its solutions for simple potentials; the hydrogen atom, quantization of angular momentum, spin; complex atoms and molecules. Prerequisites: 01:640:CALC4; 01:750:228 or 273; or permission of instructor.

01:750:368 Junior Seminar (1) Development of communication skills needed by professionals in physics and related fields. Oral and written reports, discussions of topics of current interest, and career options. For physics majors only.

01:750:381-382 Mechanics (3,3) Intermediate treatment of Newtonian mechanics, including particle dynamics, rigid body motion, accelerated and rotating reference frames, and Lagrange's and Hamilton's equations. Prerequisites: 01:750:124 or 203 or 271; two semesters of calculus. Corequisite: 01:640:CALC3 or permission of instructor. A theoretical course, primarily for physics majors.

01:750:385-386 Electromagnetism (3,3) Intermediate course for physics majors and others who wish a thorough discussion of the fundamental laws of electromagnetism; electric and magnetic fields; dielectric and magnetic materials; DC and AC circuits; Maxwell's equations; and electromagnetic radiation. Prerequisites: 01:640:CALC3; 01:750:227 or 272 or 324; or permission of instructor.

01:750:387-388 Experimental Modern Physics (3,3) Experiments in atomic, nuclear, condensed matter, and surface physics. Prerequisites: 01:750:326, 327. Corequisite: 01:750:313 or 361 or permission of instructor. Credit not given for both 01:750:387 and 389.

01:750:389 Experimental Applied Physics (3) Experiments in classical and modern physics emphasizing techniques useful for applications. Prerequisites: 01:750:326, 327. Corequisite: 01:750:313 or 361 or permission of instructor. Credit not given for both 01:750:387 and 389.

01:750:397 Physics of Modern Devices (3) Physical laws and principles underlying modern devices and processes; examples including motors, generators, refrigerators, vacuum tubes, transistors, radio and television receivers, computers, rockets, nuclear reactors, radiation detectors, lasers, and holograms. Prerequisites: Two semesters of introductory physics and a course in calculus.

01:750:406 Introductory Solid State Physics (3) Fundamental properties of metals, insulators, and semiconductors;�dielectrics; magnetism; and superconductivity. Prerequisites: 01:750:361 and 386, or permission of instructor.

01:750:417 Intermediate Quantum Mechanics (3) Vector space formulation, operators, eigenfunctions, bound states, angular momentum, central potentials, approximation methods, scattering. Prerequisite: 01:750:361.

01:750:418 Nuclei and Particles (3) Nuclear forces and models; classification and interactions of elementary particles. Prerequisite: 01:750:361.

01:750:431 Introduction to Computational Biology for Physicists (3) Introduction to analytical and computational methods applied to biological data and phenomena. Concepts of biology explained using techniques from physics, such as partition functions, mean field theory, and fixed point theory. Methods such as Bayesian analysis, parametric and nonparametric tests, sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, pattern recognition, and neural networks applied to big data to solve problems of current research interest using Matlab programming. Prerequisites: (01:750:202 or 01:750:204 or 01:750:227 or 01:750:272) and 01:640:244. Corequisite: 01:750:351.

01:750:441 Stars and Star Formation (3) Observed properties of stars. Internal structure of stars, energy generation and transport, neutrinos, solar oscillations. Evolution of isolated and double stars, red giants, white dwarfs, variable stars, supernovae. Challenges presented by formation of stars, importance of magnetic fields. Pre-main sequence stellar evolution. Prerequisites: 01:750:361, 385-386. Credit not given for both this course and 01:105:441.

01:750:442 High Energy Astrophysics and Radiative Processes (3) Radiation and scattering processes in plasma. Detection of X and gamma rays. Supernovae and remnants, pulsars. Gamma-ray bursts, accretion disks, and binary star outbursts. Quasars and active galactic nuclei, cosmic rays. Prerequisites: 01:750:361, 385-386. Credit not given for both this course and 01:105:442.

01:750:443 Galaxies and the Milky Way (3) Properties of galaxies: photometry, kinematics, and masses. Disk galaxies: spiral patterns, bars and warps, gas content, star formation rates, chemical evolution. Elliptical galaxies: shapes. Structure of the Milky Way. Nature of dark matter. Prerequisites: 01:750:381-382, 385-386. Credit not given for both this course and 01:105:443.

01:750:444 Introduction to Cosmology (3) Expansion of the universe, techniques for distance estimation. Large-scale structure of the universe. Cosmological models: open, closed, flat, and accelerating universes. Microwave background: observations, properties, and origin. Problems of standard cosmology and preliminary concept of inflation. Prerequisites: 01:750:361, 385-386. Credit not given for both this course and 01:105:444.

01:750:451 Physical Oceanography (4) Principles of ocean physics. Mass, momentum, heat, and freshwater conservation and atmospheric exchange. Influence of Earth's rotation. The ocean's role in climate. Tides, waves, and currents. Effects of ocean circulation on its biology and chemistry. Two 80-min. lecs., one 55-min. rec. Prerequisite: 01:750:204. Credit not given for both this course and 01:628:451, 11:628:451, or 16:712:501.

01:750:464 Mathematical Physics (3) Physical applications of linear algebra, the exterior calculus, differential forms, complexes and cohomology. Applications include Hamiltonian dynamics, normal mode analysis, Markov processes, thermodynamics, Schr�dinger's equation, special relativity, electrostatics, magnetostatics, Maxwell's equations, and wave equations. Prerequisite: 01:640:423 or equivalent.

01:750:487,488 Special Topics in Physics (3,3) Study of selected areas in physics. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

01:750:491,492 Research in Physics (BA,BA) Independent research supervised by a member of the department. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

01:750:493,494 Independent Study in Physics (1-4,1-4) Independent study supervised by a member of the department. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

01:750:495,496 Honors in Physics (1-4,1-4) Supervised independent research or reading in experimental or theoretical physics, culminating in a seminar conducted by the student. Prerequisite: Invitation of chair.

01:750:497,498 Honors in Astronomy (1-4,1-4) Supervised independent research or reading in astronomy, culminating in a seminar conducted by the student. Prerequisite: Invitation of chair. Credit not given for both this course and 01:105:497,498.