In most circumstances, graduate students may not repeat a course. In very limited special and extenuating circumstances, a graduate student who has received a C or F in a course may be approved to repeat the course. Such approval must come from both the graduate program director and the dean of the Graduate School-Newark. Under no circumstances may a course ever be repeated more than once. If a course is no longer offered, it cannot be repeated. Students may repeat up to two graduate courses. When a course has been repeated, both the original and the subsequent grades are included on the permanent record, but the credit for the course is counted only once. Both grades earned for a course will remain on the student's permanent record; but the grade received in the last attempt will be the grade that is counted in the student's GPA calculations.