The Graduate School–Newark is dedicated to the advancement of knowledge in an environment that encourages scholarly inquiry and intellectual growth. The school expects its graduate students to obtain a thorough understanding of their chosen academic disciplines and to acquire the analytical and creative skills required for original scholarship, research, and problem solving.

The Graduate School–Newark was established in December 1975. The Graduate School–Newark now offers master's programs in American studies, biology, business and science, chemistry, computational biology, creative writing, economics, English, environmental geology, environmental science, global affairs, history, jazz history and research, liberal studies, nursing, peace and conflict studies, applied physics, and political science. The school has Ph.D. programs in American studies, behavioral and neural sciences, biology, chemistry, criminal justice, environmental science, global affairs, management, mathematical sciences, nursing, applied physics, psychology, public administration, and urban systems.

Several degrees are offered jointly with other institutions. Working with the New Jersey Institute of Technology, the Graduate School–Newark confers M.A. and M.A.T. degrees in history, M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in biology, an M.S. in computational biology, M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in environmental science, an M.S. and Ph.D. in applied physics, and a Ph.D. in mathematical sciences. The Graduate School–Newark and the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–New Jersey Medical School (UMDNJ-NJMS) offer an M.D./Ph.D. dual degree. The Graduate School–Newark also offers the M.S. degree in environmental geology in collaboration with the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Rutgers–New Brunswick and the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the New Jersey Institute of Technology. Finally, a Ph.D. in urban systems is offered jointly by the New Jersey Institute of Technology, Rutgers Graduate School–Newark, and the UMDNJ-Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences.