The artist diploma (A.Dpl.) program addresses the needs of those who wish to concentrate more narrowly on performance-related study than the doctor of musical arts (D.M.A.) student does. Like the D.M.A., this course of study requires six semesters of performance, six semesters of ensemble, one semester of repertory, and comprehensive examinations. The A. Dpl requires six semesters of chamber ensemble participation. Unlike the D.M.A., however, the A.Dpl. program does not require formal coursework in music history or theory. Instead, students must perform five recitals, four of them solo and one a chamber recital. For students specializing in an orchestral instrument, a committee examination in the form of a professional orchestral audition is required. Students must have a master of music (M.M.) degree or its equivalent to gain admission to the program. It is possible to complete all requirements for the artist diploma program within three years of full-time residence. In most cases, a student may not take more than five years to complete the program. With the approval of the graduate director and dean, the school may make an exception to this maximum time limit.