| 
		  Note: The letters (F) or (S), which precede a course   title, indicate that the course is offered   during the fall or spring semester, respectively. Some courses are presented occasionally (Oc). 
   | 
		| 56:120:503
(S) Estuarine Biology (3)
  Biology of estuarine organisms, with emphasis on the   different behavioral, physiological, mechanical, and structural   strategies used to live and reproduce in the species-restrictive estuarine   environment. Basic ecological features that make estuaries unique and   particularly important as nursery areas for fish and shellfish species are   discussed, as well as human impact on estuaries. 
Prerequisites: Ecology, college chemistry, or permission of instructor. 
  | 
		| 56:120:505
(F) Marine Biology (4)
  Physical, chemical, and biological description of   benthic and pelagic marine ecosystems, with   emphasis on ecological factors that allow selected species to survive in   particular environments. Several field trips coordinated with class   meetings; taught on Saturdays. 
Lec. 3 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisites: Chemistry and ecology or permission of instructor. 
  | 
		| 56:120:507
(F) Plant Geography (4)
  Vegetation regions and principal subdivisions of North   America; environments, ecology, plant cover, flora. Includes a three-day   field trip to the northern Appalachians. 
Sem./lec. 5 hrs. Prerequisites: Botany and ecology. 
  | 
		| 56:120:508
(S) Cell Physiology (4)
  Analysis of functional activities of cells, with   special emphasis on problems of cell permeability, cell-environment   interactions, cell excitability and conduction, and secretion. 
Lec. 3 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: General physiology or biochemistry. 
  | 
		| 56:120:509
(F) Cytogenetics (4)
  Topics include chromosome structure and cell division,   chromosomes in sex determination, chromosomal aberrations, induction of   mutations, and chromosomes as research tools. Laboratory studies   include the preparation of metaphase and anaphase chromosomes, banding   and labeling procedures, and the analysis of chromosomal abnormalities. 
Lec. 3 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: Genetics. 
  | 
		| 56:120:510
(S) Cell Ultrastructure and Function (3) 
  Introduction to the methodologies employed in the   study of cell organelles and their function, using selected cell types   to emphasize basic methods of preparation of materials for   electron-microscopical, X-ray diffraction, histochemical, and   radioautographic studies.  
Lec. 2 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: Microbiology, cell biology, or histology. 
  | 
		| 56:120:511
(F) Ichthyology (4)
  Classification, anatomy, physiology, ecology, and   behavior of fishes, with particular emphasis on ecology and classification   of species present in eastern North America and along the Atlantic coast. 
Lec. 3 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: Permission of  instructor. 
  | 
		| 56:120:512
(F) Mammalian Physiology (3)
  Detailed study of several areas in mammalian   physiology through lecture and student   presentation of selected research reports.    
Lec. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: General physiology or human physiology. 
  | 
		| 56:120:513
(S) Population Genetics (3)
  Experimental approaches to measuring gene frequencies   in animal and plant populations; changing genetic profiles in    evolving populations. 
Prerequisite: Genetics.   
  | 
		| 56:120:514
(S) Field Ecology (3)
  Field study of major plant and animal communities in   the general area of either Everglades National Park, Great Smoky Mountains   National Park, or the mid-Atlantic states. Visits to research    institutions may be included. 
Prerequisite: A course in ecology or permission of instructor. Registration limited. Occurs during 10 days of spring recess. 
  | 
		| 56:120:515
(S) Human Genetics (3)
  Principles of human heredity. Topics include genetic   aspects of health and disease, birth defects, metabolic disorders, modes of   inheritance, molecular and biochemical analyses, genomics and proteomics.   Case studies will be discussed. 
Lec. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: Genetics or molecular biology or permission of instructor. 
  | 
		| 56:120:516
(S) Immunology (3)
  Immunoglobulin gene rearrangements and antibody   diversity; antibody structure; antibody-antigen interactions;   monoclonal antibodies and immunoconjugates; immunochemistry techniques;   cellular immunology; viruses of the immune system. 
Prerequisite: Microbiology or cell biology or cell physiology. 
  | 
		| 56:120:521
(alternate S) Cell and Tissue Culture (3)
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.
  | 
		| 56:120:523
(S) Topics in Quantitative Biology (3) 
  Designed primarily for those students without much   prior experience in the use of quantitative   methods for the analysis and interpretation of biological data; topics   include sampling, experimental design, hypothesis testing, and analysis of   variance. 
Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. 
  | 
		| 56:120:525
(S) Advanced Aquatic Ecology (3)
  Study of biological, chemical, and physical aspects of   inland water bodies with emphasis on streams, rivers, and standing water    bodies of the region. 
Prerequisites: Ecology and inorganic chemistry. 
  | 
		| 56:120:529
(S) Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms (4) 
  Surveys the genetics of bacteria, bacteriophages, and   lower eucaryotes. Topics include general features of the genetic   code, phage genetics, structure and replication of phage nucleic   acids, extrachromosomal genetic elements, gene transfer in bacteria, and   genetic analysis in lower eucaryotes. 
Lec. 3 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. 
  | 
		| 56:120:530
(S) Molecular Carcinogenesis (3)
  Detailed examination and discussion of the molecular   mechanisms underlying the initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer.   Topics include cancer genetics, signal transduction, mutagenesis, and   molecular therapies. 
Lec. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: Genetics or molecular biology or permission of instructor.  
  | 
		| 56:120:531
(F) Biology of Parasitic Protozoa (2)
  Examination of the morphology, cell biology, and life   history of various parasitic protozoans of humans and other animals. Topics   include immune mechanisms, control measures, pathology, and the social   and economic impacts of infection. 
Prerequisite: Invertebrate zoology or parasitology. 
  | 
		| 56:120:532
(S) Biology of Parasitic Worms (2)
  Survey of the parasitic worms infecting humans and   other animals. Emphasis placed on the transmission and reproductive   strategies of the parasites, immune mechanisms, pathologic   consequences, behavioral and other changes in the host, and the social   and economic impact of parasites. 
Prerequisite: Invertebrate zoology or parasitology. 
  | 
		| 56:120:534
(F) Advanced Cell and Developmental Biology (3)
In-depth discussion of selected topics in cell and developmental biology. Topics include gene expression and its regulation, stem cell research, mechanisms of embryonic induction, cell adhesion, cell motility, and neoplastic transformation.
Lec. 3 hrs. Prerequisites: Cell biology and embryology.
  | 
		| 56:120:534
(S) Advanced Cell and Developmental Biology (3) 
  In-depth discussion of selected topics in cell and   developmental biology. Topics include gene regulation in development,   cell reproductions, cell differentiation, neoplastic transformation,   cell interaction, morphogenesis, pattern formation, and cell aging and   senescence. 
Prerequisites: Cell biology and embryology. 
  | 
		| 56:120:536
(Oc) Biological Basis of Behavior (3)
An investigation of the neurobiological basis of behavior with a focus on, but not exclusive to, nonmammalian species.Prerequisite: A course in neurobiology. A course in animal behavior is useful.
   | 
		| 56:120:540
(F) Neuroscience (4)
  Advanced study of the human nervous system; its role   in normal motor function. Influence of neurophysiology, embryology, and   histology in normal and abnormal development explored. Response of nervous   system to disease and trauma assessed. 
Lec. 3 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: 56:742:510 or permission of instructor.  
  | 
		| 56:120:555-556
(F,S) Neurobiology (3,3)
  Study of the structure and function of nervous   systems, including membrane properties of electrically excitable cells,   mechanisms of synaptic transmission between neurons, and the   neuroanatomical and functional organization of the mammalian brain. 
Prerequisite: General physiology or cell biology. 
  | 
		| 56:120:560
(S) Endocrinology (3) 
  Endocrinology and neuroendocrinology. The structure   and function of the endocrine glands, including the hypothalamus, and the   biosynthesis and mechanisms of hormones. 
Prerequisite: Cell or systems physiology. 
  | 
		| 56:120:570
(F) Global Climate Change (3) 
  Multidisciplinary discussions of a variety of topics   concerning climate change: whether it is fact or fiction; the effects   of climate change and pollution on ecosystems and populations;   prediction of the consequences of climate change; and the ecological,   social, economic, and legal repercussions of this worldwide problem. 
Sem./lec. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. 
  | 
		| 56:120:575
(F) Neurochemistry (3) 
  Topics include properties of membranes, myelination,   axonal transport, analysis of neurotransmitter receptor binding,   physiological effector mechanisms of receptors, and neurotransmitter   synthesis and metabolism. 
Lec. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: General physiology or cell biology. 
  | 
		| 56:120:580
(F) Fungi in Ecosystems (3)
  Introduction to the complexities of ecosystem function   and the role fungi play in these processes. The impact of fungi on primary    production, secondary production, population and community    regulation, and their interactions with environmental pollutants will   be discussed. 
Lec. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: General ecology or permission of instructor. 
  | 
		| 56:120:585
(S) Recombinant DNA Technology (3)
  Examination of recombinant DNA technology and its   utility in specific medical and industrial applications, as well as its   use in basic research. Topics include discussion of in vitro mutagenesis,   heterologous gene expression in a variety of hosts, disease diagnosis, and   gene therapies using genetic engineering, as well as the   ecological/societal impacts of DNA technology.   
Lec. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: Molecular biology or permission of instructor. 
  | 
		| 56:120:588
(S) Life at Extremes (3) 
  Analysis of adaptations of organisms to extreme   environments. Principles of evolution and biology as illustrated by unusual    adaptations. 
Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. 
  | 
		| 56:120:590
(F) Population Ecology (3) 
  Emphasis placed on terrestrial vertebrates and   arthropods; focus on patterns and determinants of population dynamics,   ecological variation among populations, and the processes affecting   community organization and species interactions. Three or four Saturday   field trips may replace lectures in those respective weeks. Computer   simulations of population dynamics (not requiring computer literacy)   and a term paper developed from the recent ecological literature are   required. 
Prerequisite: Ecology.   
  | 
		| 56:120:595
(Oc) Advanced Soil Ecology (3)
Prerequisites: A course in ecology and permission of the instructor.
  | 
		| 56:120:601,602
Seminar in Biology (1,1)
  Through discussion of papers developed and presented   by students, a single topic from the area of   cell biology, physiology, or ecology is investigated in depth. 
Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. 
  | 
		| 56:120:619,620
Individual Studies in Biology (BA,BA) 
  Designed to meet the needs of students who wish to   conduct original research projects in biology in addition to, or in lieu   of, thesis research. The research project is designed and conducted in   consultation with a sponsor from the graduate faculty. 
Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. 
  | 
		| 56:120:701,702
Research in Biology (BA,BA)
  Open only to students working on an experimental   research problem for the thesis. 
Prerequisite: Permission of thesis adviser. 
  | 
		| 56:120:800
Matriculation Continued (0)
Continuous registration may be accomplished by enrolling for at least 3 credits in standard course offerings, including research courses, or by enrolling in this course for 0 credits. Students actively engaged in study toward their degree who are using university facilities and faculty time are expected to enroll for the appropriate credits. 
  | 
		| 56:120:866
Graduate Assistantship (E6) 
  | 
		| 56:120:877
Teaching Assistantship (E6)
  |