01:840:101 Introduction to Religion: Social Patterns (3) Varied origins of religion and motifs in its development in different cultures. Only open to first-year students and sophomores.

01:840:112 Death and Afterlife (3) Various religious concepts of death, resurrection, reincarnation, and other forms of afterlife; their relevance to this worldly life. Open only to first-year students and sophomores.

01:840:201 Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) (3) Introduction to the literature of the Hebrew Bible and the world of ancient Israel, with an emphasis on literary, historical, and theological issues. In addition to the Bible, students are introduced to archaeological discoveries from Israel and elsewhere, which shed important light on the biblical text and the history and culture of ancient Israel. All texts are read in English translation.� Credit not given for both this course and 01:563:220.

01:840:202 New Testament (3) Interpretation of basic Christian scriptures in translation; influence of Jesus and Paul on the early Christian community. Credit not given for both this course and 01:563:223.

01:840:203 Islamic Scriptures: Quran and Hadith (3) Introduction to sacred texts of Islam; emphasis on words and deeds of the prophet Muhammad, collectively known as the Hadith or Sunnah. Explores how revelation bridges the gap between the divine and human by examining Islamic scriptures in historical, theological, legal, and mystical contexts. Credit not given for both this course and 01:685:233.

01:840:204 Hindu Scriptures (3) Interpretation of basic Hindu scriptures in their historical, literary, and theological contexts to see how they contributed to the development of various traditions and spiritual paths in Hinduism.

01:840:205 Buddhist Scriptures (3) Interpretation of foundational Buddhist scriptures in their historical,�literary, and philosophical contexts to trace the development of Indian Buddhism as well as its process of cultural accommodation in east Asia.

01:840:211 Religions of the Eastern World (3) Religious beliefs, practices, and sacred writings of Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, and Shinto.

01:840:212 Religions of the Western World (3) Religious beliefs, practices, and sacred writings of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

01:840:222 The Question of God in Modern Culture (3) Fundamental issues surrounding the question of God in modern culture.

01:840:240 Love as Ethic and Idea (3) Judeo-Christian religious tradition, viewed through the concept of love as moral and theological ideal, from the biblical period to the present.

01:840:241 Introduction to Rabbinic Literature (3) Traces the historical developments that led to the establishment and eventual dominance of rabbinic Judaism. Close readings of various rabbinic texts (especially the Mishnah and the Tosefta). Credit not given for both this course and 01:563:241. No prior knowledge required; all readings in English.

01:840:242 Introduction to Ancient Judaism (3) Historical development of Judaism in ancient times from its origins in c.1200 BCE through the Roman period c.300 CE. Emphasis on the beliefs and practices of ancient Judaism during biblical and postbiblical periods as reflected in the literature of the times (such as the Bible, Dead Sea Scrolls, and Mishna) and in the archaeological record. Credit not given for both this course and 01:563:222.

01:840:250 Jewish Mysticism and Kabbalah (3) Survey of Jewish mystical traditions from the early rabbinic traditions to the central text of kabbalistic literature, the Zohar, in 13th-century Spain. Credit not given for both this course and 01:563:250.

01:840:301 Ancient Near Eastern Religions (3) Religious patterns in Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Canaan, Israel, and Egypt from texts in translation; their impact on cultural development of the Near East. Not open to first-year students. Credit not given for both this course and 01:563:324.

01:840:303 Hebrew Prophets: Social and Religious Thoughts (3) Development and diffusion of Israelite prophetic thought from early associations with divination in Near Eastern culture through the Exile and later decline. Prerequisite: 01:840:201 or 01:563:220 or permission of instructor. Not open to first-year students. Credit not given for both this course and 01:563:325.

01:840:304 Post-Exilic Literature of Israel (3) Influence of the Babylonian Exile on the religion and writings of late-biblical Israel; development of Jewish life and thought in the Persian and Hellenistic periods. Prerequisite: 01:840:201 or 01:563:220 or permission of instructor.

01:840:305 Apocalypse Now? Religious Movements and the End of Time (3) Compares ancient, medieval, and contemporary apocalyptic movements. Case studies include the Jewish apocalyptic movement associated with the Dead Sea Scrolls and Pauline Christianity, medieval apocalypticism surrounding Joachim of Fiore and the Crusades, and more contemporary movements such as Jonestown and the Left Behind series of Christian thrillers. Prerequisite: 01:840:212.

01:840:306 Greek and Roman Religions (3) Study of pagan gods and goddesses, cults, and practices of the classical Greek world, Roman Republic, and Roman Empire. Credit not given for both this course and 01:190:326.

01:840:307 Jesus (3) Career and teaching of Jesus viewed in historical context; development of the Gospel tradition and its effect on later concepts of Christ. Prerequisite: 01:840:202 or 01:563:220 or permission of instructor.

01:840:308 Paul (3) Letters of Paul in historical context: his background, conversion, and apostolic mission; the development and influence of his thought on later Christianity. Prerequisite: 01:840:202 or 01:563:220 or permission of instructor.

01:840:310 Jesus the Jew (3) Explores the historic figure of Jesus within the context of first-century Palestinian Judaism. Topics include Jesus and the Law, Jesus and the Temple, the problem of religious authority and types of religious leaders, the Sermon on the Mount, and the "Parting of the Ways."� Credit not given for both this course and 01:563:341.

01:840:312 Greek Christianity (3) Eastern church tradition from the second through the eighth centuries; theological controversies and the development of liturgy, monasticism, and mysticism.

01:840:313 Latin Christianity (3) Western church tradition from the third through the 13th centuries; theological controversies and the development of sacraments, papacy, and religious orders.

01:840:314 Origins of Western Morality (3) Ways in which early Christian groups used Jewish and Greek moral traditions, reshaping them according to their developing interests. Pre- or corequisite: 01:840:212.

01:840:315 Protestant Reformation (3) Reform movements in the Western Christian world from the 14th through 18th centuries; focus on figures who formed Protestant thought, such as Luther, Calvin, Cranmer, Fox, Wesley.

01:840:316 Evangelicalism in the United States (3) Explores key developments within contemporary American evangelicalism, focusing especially on evangelicals' varied responses to major political, economic, social, and cultural trends in the United States during the 20th and early 21st century.

01:840:317 Catholicism and the Modern World (3) Roman Catholicism from the French Revolution to the present; thinkers such as Lammenais, Newman, and Gilson; topics such as liturgy, political rights, theological pluralism.

01:840:318 Contemporary Catholic Theology (3) Selected themes in the thought of 20th-century Roman Catholic figures, such as Rahner, Schillebeeckx, K�ng.

01:840:319 Religion in American History (3) Survey of American religious history, exploring the relationship between religion and trends in such areas as politics, science, technology, gender relations, economy, and immigration.

01:840:321 Yoga: History and Philosophy (3) Close reading of the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, with particular attention to premodern commentaries on the text and the traditional understanding of the practice of classical yoga and its goals. History of yoga in India, its expressions in classical traditions of the subcontinent, and its transplantation to the West.

01:840:322 Hinduism (3) Historical development of religious beliefs and practices in the culture of India; syncretism, mysticism, devotion, and personal disciplines. Credit not given for both this course and 01:925:322.

01:840:323 Buddhism (3) Rise of Buddhist theory and practice in the context of Indian culture; encounters with indigenous religions of East and Southeast Asia; development of Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana. Credit not given for both this course and 01:925:323.

01:840:324 Chinese Religions (3) Religious concepts and classic texts of Confucianism and Taoism; relation of religion to society and self in China, including role models and paradigms for self-transformation; alchemy and meditation.

01:840:325 Prophet Muhammad (3) Muhammad's prophetic career in historical context; mystical and devotional tradition centering on him in Sunni and Shi'i Islam; sociopolitical reform movements based on prophetic model. Credit not given for both this course and 01:685:325.

01:840:326 Islam (3) Muhammad and the development of Muslim beliefs and practices; major movements and their effects on historical and current events. Credit not given for both this course and 01:685:326 or 01:925:326.

01:840:327 Encounter of Religions (3) Religions in a pluralistic world; concepts of God, man, spirit, freedom as understood in East and West. Interreligious dialogue, religious synthesis, and universalism.

01:840:328 Shi'i Islam (3) History, doctrines, rituals, theosophy, and structure of authority of the major schools of Shi'i Islam, with a focus on the Twelver Imami tradition from its beginnings until the present day.

01:840:330 Religion in Latin America (3) Exploration of the religious complexity of Latin America, including Christianity, indigenous and syncretic practices, and traditions. Credit not given for both this course and 01:590:330.

01:840:331 Myth and Ritual (3) Role of myth and patterns of ritual in primitive and ancient religious societies and their survival in contemporary cultures.

01:840:333 Caribbean Religion (3) Examines the history and role of the diverse religious components of the Caribbean Basin from indigenous practices to Catholicism, Protestantism, Judaism, and the emergence of African belief systems such as Vodou, Santeria, and Rastafarianism from the 18th century to the present. Credit not given for both this course and 01:595:333.

01:840:334 Healing: Sacred and Secular (3) Examination of healing as a religious process in various cultures; discussion of transition from sacred healing to secular medicine and psychotherapy in the West.

01:840:335 Buddhist Meditation Traditions (3) Introduction to Buddhism. Explores meditative techniques/practices for attaining enlightenment, with emphasis on Zen (Ch'an) meditation and roles played by Koan and Zazen�in this process of transformation.

01:840:337 Tibetan Religions (3) Historical development of Tibetan religious beliefs and practices, with a focus on the four main Buddhist schools, the B�n tradition, and Muslim populations. Other topics include religion and politics, literature, pilgrimage and ritual, monasticism, gender, art and iconography, and global context.

01:840:340 The Dead Sea Scrolls (3) Introduction to the history and scholarship surrounding the Dead Sea Scrolls.� Credit not given for both this course and 01:563:340.

01:840:341 Religion and Psychology (3) Psychological inquiry into the role of religion in the life history of the individual and his or her relation to the transcendent.

01:840:342 Religious Experience and Contemporary Culture (3) Religion and modern consciousness as investigated by the social sciences; topics such as the function of religion, secularism, and modernity.

01:840:343 Religion and Politics (3) Function of religion in initiating social and political changes by envisioning the future, formulating utopian blueprints, and providing transcendent norms for social criticism. Not open to first-year students.

01:840:345 Hindu Gurus in the West (3) Lives and teachings of Vivekananda, Aurobindo, Sivananda, Yogananda, Rajneesh, and others. Classical texts and problems of innovations and preservation. Sociological and psychological issues of transplanting the guru-disciple relationship to Western soil.

01:840:346 Sexuality in the Western Religious Traditions (3) Ideas and problems in Catholic, Protestant, and Jewish normative traditions on sexuality. Topics include sexuality and human nature, sexual identity/roles, marriage and family. Prerequisite: One course in Western religious traditions.

01:840:347 War, Peace, and Violence in Western Religious Thought (3) Ideas of just war, holy war, and pacifism in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam; their relation to contemporary issues of war and peace. Prerequisite: One course in Western religious traditions.

01:840:350 Women in Eastern Religions (3) Images and roles of women in major Asian religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. Women's autobiographical accounts of religious experiences, attitudes toward women expressed in these religious institutions, the feminine as a symbol of the divine; representative great goddesses such as Kuan-yin.

01:840:351 Women in Western Religions (3) Images and roles of women in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam; attitudes toward women expressed in these religious institutions; religious experiences of women mystics and religious practices favored by women.

01:840:352 Religion and Science (3) Theories of religious and scientific knowledge, cosmology and astronomy, life and creation.

01:840:353 Heaven and Hell in Western Tradition (3) Western ideas about heaven and hell. Texts, artifacts, and the works of art from the ancient Mediterranean and Medieval Europe, to the Christian Reformation and early 21st-century America. Prerequisite: 01:840:212.

01:840:356 Sufism: Mystical Islam (3) Based essentially on primary sources. Examines both Islamic mystical theory and practice, paying particular attention to a range of core Sufi doctrines. Credit not given for both this course and 01:685:356.

01:840:357 Krishna (3) Examination of the various faces and theologies of Krishna, one of the most important Hindu deities. Depiction in the Mahabharata, Bhagavad Gita, and Bhagavata Purana�with reference to rasa theory, a medieval taxonomy of various moods in which the devotee approaches God as a lover, child, friend, or master.

01:840:358 Bhagavad Gita (3) Analysis of this important Hindu scripture. Study of influential commentaries. Attention to Indian and Western appropriations of the text.

01:840:359 Ayurveda--The Traditional Healing System of Ancient India (3) Study of Indian medicine through examination and analysis of its history, literature, fundamental concepts, principles, and methods using primary source materials as the chief basis for learning. Attention also given to Ayurveda in modern India along with its adoption by the West.�� Some knowledge of Hinduism strongly recommended.

01:840:366 The Yoga of Devotion: Bhakti (3) Overview of some of the main forms Hindu devotion, Bhakti, has taken over the centuries. Attention paid to the main streams of Bhakti focused on Shiva, Vishnu, and the various forms of the Goddess.

01:840:367 Taoist Philosophy (3) Focuses on two foundational texts of classical Taoism, the Dao De Jing (Tao Te Ching) and the Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu). Close examination of texts and study of various interpretations, both traditional and contemporary. Brief examination of Taoist influence on the West as well as Western transformation of Taoism.

01:840:368 Hindu Philosophy (3) Upanishads, Patanjali, Bhagavad Gita;�theories of matter, energy; states of consciousness; meditation. Yogas of knowledge, action, devotion. Karma. Ethics. Comparison of Hindu and Western cosmology. Credit not given for both this course and 01:730:368.

01:840:369 Buddhist Philosophy (3) Interdependence, impermanence, relativity; suffering; path to liberation; meditation; karma as cosmic justice; death and rebirth. Compassion as a central ethical value. Theravada, Mahayana, and Tibetan Buddhism. Credit not given for both this course and 01:730:369.

01:840:380 Religious Healing in the United States (3) History of religious healing in the United States, including major social, cultural, economic, and political trends and relationship with modern medicine.

01:840:403 Seminar on the Vedanta Sutras (3) Overview of the main schools of Vedantic thought up to the medieval period--Sankara, Ramanuja, Madhva, Nimbarka, Vallabha and Baladeva. Attention to some prominent points of agreement as well as contestation among some of these schools.� Focus on primary texts. Only open to majors in their junior or senior year. Some prior knowledge of Hindu philosophy recommended.

01:840:404 Seminar in Christian Monasticism (3) Evolution and ideals of Christian Monasticism from early Christianity to the 17th century; interaction between monks and nuns and the rest of society. Only open to majors in their junior or senior year.

01:840:405 Western Encounter with Hinduism (3) Overview of representations of India on the Western religious landscape stemming from the earliest interactions between West and East, subsequent cultural and intellectual exchanges, eventual colonization of the subcontinent, and the postcolonial aftermath. Special attention paid to the Orientalist construction of Hinduism during this period. Prerequisites: 01:840:211 and 212. Open only to majors in their junior or senior year.

01:840:410 The Evolution of Christian Orthodoxy 300-787 CE (3) History, theology, and social context of the formation of Christian orthodoxy from the First Council of Nicea to the Second Council of Nicea. Credit not given for both this course and 01:489:314. Open only to majors in their junior or senior year.

01:840:420 Seminar in Religion and Psychology (3) Advanced topics in religion and psychology. Prerequisites: At least one course in religion and one course in psychology or by permission of instructor. Open only to majors in their junior or senior year.

01:840:421 Seminar in Religion and Society (3) Interaction of religion and society in the thought of selected theologians, ethicists, and sociologists of religion. Prerequisite: One course in Western religious traditions or permission of instructor. Open only to majors in their junior or senior year.

01:840:423 Seminar in Buddhism (3) Builds on a basic knowledge of Buddhism. Psychological implications of central Buddhist teachings--dependent origination, not-self/no-self, and emptiness--as discussed within key Indian Buddhist texts. Critical examination of modern scholars' attempts to interpret and/or appropriate them via modern psychology, especially psychoanalysis. Prerequisite: 01:840:211 or 323 or permission of instructor. Open only to majors in their junior or senior year.

01:840:424 Seminar in Religion and Science (3) Contemporary topics in the relationship between science and religion. Potential topics include evolution; cosmology and creation; mind, brain, and consciousness; religious and scientific methods. Topics change from year to year. Prerequisite: One course in religion or permission of instructor. Open only to majors in their junior or senior year.

01:840:456 Seminar on Rumi (3) On the basis of primary sources in English translation, focus on Rumi's didactic writings (poetry and prose), in order to identify his distinctive teachings and their place in the context of the Sufi tradition and Persian mystical literature. Prerequisite: 01:840:326 or 356. Open only to majors in their junior or senior year.

01:840:497-498 Honors in Religion (3,3 or 6,6) Both semesters must be completed to receive credit.