16:215:506 (F) Estuarine Ecology (4) Fundamental study of aquatic organisms in the estuarine waters of coastal New Jersey; life cycles, food chains, and the relationships of organisms to one another. Able. Sem. 2 hrs., lab. 3 hrs.

16:215:507 Advanced Plant Systematics (4) Broad, evolutionary overview of all vascular plants, from club mosses and ferns to conifers and flowering plants. Principles of classification and field identification, morphology, and basic concepts in evolutionary studies in botany. Independent project. Struwe. Prerequisite: Principles of botany or vascular plant systematics.

16:215:510 Conservation Ecology (3) Biological, social, and economic causes of the major threats to ecosystems and species. The role of universities and human communities. Changing world views and possibilities for constructive response. D. Ehrenfeld

16:215:513 Population Genetics (4) Factors affecting gene frequencies in populations and leading to the origin of new species. An introduction to the analysis of continuously distributed polygenic traits. Smouse. Prerequisite: Genetics.

16:215:514 Conservation Genetics (3) Focus on applications of population genetic and quantitative genetic approaches to captive breeding and in situ conservation of endangered species. Genetic considerations intertwined with demographic problems facing species in decline resulting from habitat loss or fragmentation.

16:215:515 (F) Natural History of New Jersey (3) Ecological aspects of the natural history of New Jersey. Field and laboratory studies of special use and interest to biology teachers. Lec. 2 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: General biology.

16:215:520 Landscape Ecology (3) Spatial patterning, its causes, development, and relevance to ecological systems. Conceptual and theoretical framework of landscape ecology; quantitative and modeling tools. Xu

16:215:521 The Ecology of Invasions (3) Current literature on invasion ecology and invasive species is examined in a seminar that emphasizes critical analysis and integration with current ecological and evolutionary theory. Topics include characterisitcs of species and invasible environments; mechanisms of resistance to invasions; evolutionary processes; methods of control and management; local, national, and international policy development. J. Ehrenfeld

16:215:525 (F) Ecology of Freshwater Organisms (4) Detailed consideration of distribution, abundance, and metabolism of organisms in lakes and streams. An introduction to the theory and techniques of systems ecology. Lec. 3 hrs., lab. 3 hrs. Prerequisite: Limnology or aquatic biology.

16:215:528 (S) Behavioral Ecology of Fish (3) Investigation into fish behavior, with emphasis on the ecological significance of migrations, reproduction, feeding, habitat selection, and antipredator strategies. Student research topics. Able

16:215:533 (S) The Behavior of Animal Populations (3) Burger. Prerequisite: Animal behavior or ecology.

16:215:546 Behavioral Genetics (4) Single and multiple gene effects on behavior; methods of behavior-genetic analysis. Mechanisms of action of behavior genes. Darwinian considerations in behavioral evolution. Evolution of social systems. McGuire. Prerequisites: Background in genetics, behavior. Recommended: Statistics.

16:215:550 Advanced Evolution (1) Journal Club in Evolution.� Major elements of organismal evolutionary theory: phylogenetics, genetic variation, natural selection, adaptation, and speciation.� Demonstration of methodology and software programs. Struwe, Kjer

16:215:555 Ecology and Ecological Risk (3) Principles of ecology and risk analysis, environmental hazards, and resultant risk analysis. Burger

16:215:564 Wildlife Ecology and Conservation (3) The ecology, management, and conservation of terrestrial and aquatic wildlife. Topics include population viability analysis, sustainable harvesting, habitat fragmentation, and conservation genetics. Lockwood

16:215:565 Community Dynamics (4) Patterns and processes involving sets of two or more coexisting species. Theoretical and empirical studies. Morin

16:215:570 Molecular Evolution (3) Analysis of actual data sets estimating historical process. Evolutionary origins of DNA; theoretical and empirical aspects; using DNA sequence data to determine evolutionary history. Hey

16:215:575 (F) Quantitative Ecology and Evolution (3) Application of differential equations and linear algebra to specific ecological phenomena (e.g., growth, competition, predator/prey). Dynamic modeling of simple (three- and four-component) ecosystems; students develop their own models. Morin. Prerequisite: Calculus.

16:215:582 Topics in Sociobiology (3) Application of Darwinian reasoning and the comparative method to the study of the evolution and expression of social behavior. Rigorous formation and testing of disprovable hypotheses emphasized. Power. Prerequisites: Genetics, ecology, and permission of instructor.

16:215:585 Introduction to Ecological and Environmental Modeling (3) Mathematical and statistical tools for ecological and environmental modeling. General model formulation, validation, hypothesis testing, nonlinear phenomena, and forecasting. Xu. Prerequisites: College-level calculus and basic statistics.

16:215:586 Ecosystem Modeling, Quantitative Analysis for Ecosystem Management (3) Quantifying major ecosystem functions based on current knowledge and understanding of ecosystem processes and their interactions from cell to ecosystem scales; modeling photosynthesis, respiration, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, energy balance, stomatal conductance, and leaf area index; basic spatial modeling techniques and applications of remote sensing and GIS in ecosystem modeling. Application of models to ecosystem management and global environment change. Xu. Prerequisite: 16:215:585.

16:215:587 Concepts and Methods in Evolution (4) Kjer et al.

16:215:588 Topics in Advanced Ecology (3) Literature review and synthesis of a selected current topic in applied or theoretical ecology.

16:215:590 (S) Population Ecology (4) Population dynamics and demography, natural selection and evolution, life history strategies, population regulatory mechanisms, species interactions and coevolution, variability among populations and ecological differentiation, and island biogeography. Lec./sem. 3 hrs., lab./field 3 hrs. Prerequisite: Ecology.

16:215:595 (F) Coadaption of Plants and Animals (3) Introduction to coevolution, plant-herbivore interaction, pollination biology, seed predation, and dispersal. Prerequisite: Botany or ecology or evolutionary biology.

16:215:598 Concepts and Methods in Ecology (4) In-depth investigation of at least three current topics in ecology. Topics include both theoretical and applied examples; fieldwork, lab exercises, and semester papers.

16:215:599,600 Special Topics in Ecology (BA,BA) Topics vary every semester. Current listing can be found on the online scheduling system.

16:215:601,602 Seminar in Ecology (1,1) Introductory seminar required for all first-year ecology and evolution students. Graduate program director

16:215:603,604 Special Topics in Ecology (BA,BA) Topics vary by semester. Current listings can be found on the online scheduling system.

16:215:605,606 Advanced Problems in Ecology (BA,BA) Individual study in an area of expertise of the faculty.

16:215:650 Fundamentals of Ecosystem Ecology (4) Critical review of ecosystem ecology, including biogeochemical cycles and budgets, ecosystem energetics, the theory and history of ecosystem ecology, and the response of ecosystems to disturbance. Meets at the Institute for Ecosystem Studies during Winter Session.

16:215:701,702 Research in Ecology (BA,BA)